小麦高温抗锈品种与条锈菌互作的超微结构研究

 用典型小麦高温抗锈性品种作试材 ,研究了它们与条锈菌互作的超微结构。结果表明 ,高温抗锈性的表达使病菌和寄主叶肉细胞超微结构都发生明显的变化 ,形成了侵染诱导的防卫结构和物质。条锈病菌菌丝被抑制 ,细胞器泡囊化 ,迅速解体。吸器母细胞和吸器发育受阻 ,畸形 ,坏死。吸器外质膜皱褶 ,电子致密度加深 ,并出现孔洞。寄主叶肉细胞的膜系统明显病变 ,细胞器解体 ,细胞质凝聚 ,质膜内陷 ,最终整个细胞坏死解体。除了上述典型的过敏性坏死反应特征以外 ,寄主细胞还产生了细胞壁防御结构和次生物质。在讨论中比较了高温抗病性品种防卫反应与普通低反应型抗病性的异同。

Ultrastructural Changes Concerning Interaction of Rust-resistant Wheat Cultivars in High-temperature with Stripe Rust

The ultrastructural features of wheat interacting with stripe rust fungus were studied by using typical wheat cultivars of high-temperature resistance to rust as experimental material. The results demonstrated that the expression of high-temperature resistance resulted in the marked changes both in ultrastructures of fungus and that of host mesophyll cells, forming infection-induced defense structure and materials. The fungal hyphae of stripe rust were inhibited, organelles vesiculated and rapidly disintegrated or collapsed. The developments of haustorial mother cells and haustoria were retarded, malformed, and necrotized. Extrahaustorial membrane wrinkled, stained more deeply, wrinkled, and perforated. Membranes of host mesophyll cells had marked pathological changes, organelles disintegrated, cytoplasm condensed, plasmalemma invaginated, and eventually the whole cell disintegrated and necrotized. Besides from the above-mentioned typical characters of hypersensitive reaction, the host cells also produced defense structure in cell walls and secondary metabolic materials. Finally, the defense reactions of high-temperature disease-resistant wheat cultivars are compared and contrasted with the common disease-resistance of low reaction type.