多棘海盘车诱导排卵最佳KCl剂置以及水温和盐度对胚胎和幼虫发育的影响

海星的大量繁殖与入侵可对滩涂养殖贝类造成极大威胁.对海星繁殖生物学的研究可为有效控制海星过度增殖提供信息,同时也可为其胚胎和幼虫培育以及发育生物学的深入研究奠定基础.本研究以韩国和中国沿海常见的多棘海盘车(Asterias amurensis)为材料,研究KCl诱导海盘车排放生殖细胞的最佳剂量,以及水温和盐度对胚胎和幼虫发育的影响.采用不同剂量(1.0mL、3.0mL、5.0mL和7.0mL)0.5mol/L KCl注入性成熟海盘车体腔,皆可诱导生殖细胞的排放,3mL注射组的排放个体比例最高(80%),雌性个体排卵量最大(536.5×104个/ind),同时用诱导获得的精/卵进行人工授精后也获得了较高的受精率(92.7±2.9)%.水温和盐度对多棘海盘车胚胎和幼虫的存活率具有显著的影响.在盐度为35时,20℃时多棘海盘车羽腕幼虫的存活率最高(90.1±2.1)%,15℃时次之(84.4±5.2)%.在温度为15℃时,盐度为35时幼虫培养60 h后存活率最高(87.6±4.1)%,盐度为30时次之(85.4±4.0)%.多棘海盘车各期胚胎和幼虫的发育速度(1/t,h-1)随水温升高而加快,在一定温度范围内有明显的正相关性,其关系式为:至2-细胞:1/t=0.110 8Tw-0.599 7(r2=0.946 5);至8-细胞:1/t=0.045 4Tw-0.233 4(r2=0.947 7);至桑椹胚:1/t=0.017 9Tw-0.067 9(r2=0.868 7):至囊胚:1/t=0.004 2Tw(r2=0.89);至羽腕幼虫:1/t=0.000 6Tw-0.008 7(r2=0.878 4).盐度为35时,胚胎和幼虫的发育速度最快,发育至羽腕幼虫需55.4 h.根据不同水温和盐度条件下,胚胎和幼虫的存活率和发育速率,确定15～20℃是多棘海盘车发育的适宜温度,最适温度为20℃;适宜盐度为30～35,最适盐度为35.

Optimum dosage of KCI for spawning induction and the effects of water temperature and salinity on embryonic and larval development in Asterias amurensis

The basic information of reproductive biology is necessary for the effective control of starfish in mariculture areas. In the present study, spawning induction of 0.5 mol/L KCI at various dosages (0 mL, 1.0 mL,3.0 mL, 5.0 mL and 7.0 mL), and the effects of water temperature and salinity on embryonic and larval rearing were investigated in starfish Asterias amurensis. The optimum dosage group of 0.5 mol/L KC1 on spawninginduction was assessed to be 3.0 mL injection group, with a maximum total percentage of spawning (80%) and spawning quantity of per female 536.5×104 eggs, as well as a high fertilization rate (92.7±2.9)%. The developmental rate of each stage increased with increasing of water temperature, and the suitable range of water temperature for the embryonic and larval development was 15-20℃, and the optimum temperature was 20℃.The salinity range of 30-35, especially 35, was suitable for larval survival, development and growth.