碳纳米颗粒诱发植物毒性效应及其机理的研究进展

对碳纳米颗粒植物毒性的研究是推广碳纳米技术应用及规避其可能引起的生态风险的重要前提,在相关研究的基础上,结合国内外研究进展,从研究植物对碳纳米颗粒物的吸附、吸收入手,阐述了碳纳米颗粒物在植物体内的迁移,分析了碳纳米颗粒物对植物产生的毒性效应,进而概述了碳纳米颗粒物毒性效应的影响因素以及产生这些毒性作用的分子机理,提出了碳纳米颗粒物在植物毒理学方面的研究重点.

Research Progress in Phytotoxicity of Carbon Nanoparticles and Its Mechanisms

Carbon nanomaterials have been widely used in various fields because of their many excellent properties. As a result, they inevitably enter the environment and become a new type of contamination. Carbon nanoparticles may pose toxicity to plants. Understanding the phytotoxicity of carbon nanoparticles is an important prerequisite for promoting nanomaterial application and avoiding the relevant ecological risks. Here we reviewed the research progress in the adsorption and absorption of carbon nanoparticles in plants. Carbon nanomaterials could adsorb on plant root surface or enter into plant roots through apoplastic and symplastic pathways. After entering plant roots, nanomaterials can undergo long-distance translocation through xylem/phloem. The phytotoxicity is dependent on the types of nanomaterials and plants. The toxic effects of nanomaterials on plant development, tissue structures and functions were highlighted. And also, the factors influencing nanomaterial phytotoxicity, for instance, nanomaterial characteristics and external environmental factors, were discussed. The molecular mechanisms of carbon nanoparticle toxicity were analyzed as well. The oxidative stress was considered as the main pathway of plant damages caused by carbon nanoparticles. Finally some important issues for future studies on the phytotoxicity of nanoparticles were proposed.