农业用水户的水费承受能力及其对农业水价改革的态度——来自云南和新疆灌区的实地调研

农业水价改革是调节农户灌溉行为，促进农业节水实现的重要政策工具。探讨农业用水户的实际水费承受能力及其对农业水价改革的反映对于制定合理的农业水价政策具有重要的意义。文章通过对新疆和云南144户农户入户调查问卷的分析，从家庭特征，水费支出情况、水费承受能力以及对水价浮动的反映等几个方面分析和探讨了农业用水户面对不同水价政策变动的态度和应对措施，认为农业用水户作为基本生产单位，其应对农业水价改革的决策行为是“理性的”和“利己的”，国家制定的相关政策只有在能够充分考虑到农户的实际反应是才能发挥最大的政策效应。

Agricultural Water Users Affordability of water fees and their Attitude to Irrigation Water Pricing Reform

Irrigation water pricing policy is the key policy instrument to adjust farmers’ irrigation decision and promote spread of water-saving agriculture. It is necessary to analysis agricultural water users’ (AWU) affordability of water fees and their attitude to irrigation water pricing reform. Based on 144 AWU questionary from Yuan Nan province and Xin Jiang province, this paper analyzed AWUs’ attitude to irrigation water pricing reform and their actual corresponding measures. The analysis indicated that AWU’s corresponding measures to policy reform is rational and new policy reform should consider AWU’s reaction carefully.