Improved guayule lines outperform old lines in south-east Queensland |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Área de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;2. Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Área de Ingeniería Agroforestal, Centro Universitario de Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Spain;3. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;3. From the Division of Applied Life Science and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 660-701, Korea;4. Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, 9-Sarim, Changwon 641-773, Korea, and;5. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;2. Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, PR China;2. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Science Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA;1. Department of Urology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 210019 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;2. Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China |
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| Abstract: | Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a source of high quality rubber and low-allergenic latex as well as resin for use as a wood preservative. Demand for high value latex products has increased with the advent of deadly diseases such as AIDS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of six improved guayule lines (AZ-1 to AZ-6) in south-east Queensland: released jointly by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and The University of Arizona. Trials were conducted at two sites, Chinchilla and Gatton. Overall performance of improved lines for plant growth and yield of dry matter, rubber and resin was better at both Gatton and Chinchilla than the standard check lines (N 565 and 11591). AZ-1 and AZ-2 maintained the best combinations of desirable traits, including plant uniformity, early vigorous growth, increased dry matter, and increased rubber and resin yields. Of these two, AZ-2 had more uniform plant growth and has commercial potential for Queensland production areas. In the summer harvest at Gatton, 32-month-old AZ-1 and AZ-2 produced rubber yields of 789 kg/ha and 771 kg/ha, respectively, while controls, N 565 and 11591 produced 675 kg/ha and 618 kg/ha, respectively. At Chinchilla, at 33 months, spring harvested AZ-1 and AZ-2 produced rubber yields of 717 kg/ha and 787 kg/ha; these yields were significantly higher than N 565 and 11591 which produced 385 kg/ha and 380 kg/ha, respectively. Thus, rubber yields of AZ-1 and AZ-2 were consistently high across sites. AZ-1 and AZ-2 produced resin yields of 1158 kg/ha and 1115 kg/ha at Gatton and 1318 kg/ha and 1476 kg/ha at Chinchilla. This compared with a mean of 612 kg/ha and 352 kg/ha for the standard check lines at Gatton and Chinchilla. Thus resin yields of AZ-1 and AZ-2 were consistently high across sites. Rubber content appeared to be influenced by time of harvest although this effect is compounded with plant age. At Gatton, in spring, 17-month-old plants produced a mean rubber content of 7.7% (all lines), while, in summer, when the plants were 32-month-olds, rubber content dropped to 6.4%. At Chinchilla, 33-month-old plants harvested in spring produced a mean rubber content of 7.4%, similar to the spring value at Gatton. By contrast, resin content appeared to be little affected by season. |
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