家蚕茧丝量性状和生命力性状的综合选择研究

茧丝量性状和生命力性状的综合选择方法是家蚕新品种选育的关键技术。采用杂交和系统分离为基本育种手段,结合春秋自然交替的培育环境,蛾区选择始终把生命力性状作为重要指标,同时兼顾茧丝质的选择,入选蛾区内严格精选全茧量和茧层量性状在平均值偏上的个体留种并控制茧层率,从而达到了茧丝量性状和生命力性状的综合选择目的。按以上方法育成2个优良中、日系统品种"芙菁"和"湘8H,"F1代杂交种经过春秋2次实验室初交测试表现为生命力强、茧丝质好、茧丝量和产茧量高,综合性状优良,从而克服了茧丝量与生命力难以兼顾的矛盾。

Comprehensive Selection on High Cocoon Silk Quality and Strong Viability of Silkworm

To establish the comprehensive selection method for both cocoon silk quality and viability,hybridization and pedigree separation as the main breeding methods,combined with some other specific selection methods and cultivation technology,natural environment was adopted in the process of breeding.Viability and cocoon silk quality were two important indexes for interbatch selection.Then individuals with higher cocoon weight,shell weight and moderate rate of cocoon shell in the target interbatch were selected.Using this method,two excellent lines with high cocoon silk quality and strong viability,"Fujing"(Chinese line) and "Xiang 8H"(Japanese line),were successfully obtained.Appraised on spring and autumn for 2 times,F1 characterizes as strong viability,good cocoon and silk quality,high cocoon silk production and fine comprehensive characters.The result shows that the negative correlation conflict between the cocoon quality and viability can be resolved by selecting properly in the practical breeding.This will provide theoretical and practical basis for the breeding of new excellent varieties of silkworm with high resistance,cocoon quality and yield.