华北、日本落叶松球果不同发育时期特性比较

为了解决华北落叶松和日本落叶松球果种子难以区分的问题，明确落叶松在合子胚形成后，球果特性变化，确定球果种子的各种特性和落叶松胚性愈伤诱导率的相关性关系，找到华北和日本落叶松诱导体细胞胚的最佳取材时期，以华北落叶松和日本落叶松球果为试验材料，比较不同发育时期的2种落叶松球果纵径、球果横径、球果纵横径比、种子纵径、种子横径、种子纵横径比和合子胚长7个表型指标的差异。同时，进行不同发育时期2种落叶松合子胚的胚性愈伤诱导试验，并对各指标分析相关性。结果表明：华北落叶松球果横径和种子横径在不同发育阶段一直大于日本落叶松。在各个时期的落叶松球果和种子的纵横径比，日本落叶松均显著高于华北落叶松。在相同的培养条件下，每个时期的华北落叶松胚性愈伤诱导率都大于日本落叶松的胚性愈伤诱导率，在7月27日采集的华北落叶松获得了最高的胚性愈伤诱导率，为78.89%。由相关性分析可知，落叶松胚性愈伤诱导率与球果横径呈显著的正相关。研究为今后大力发展落叶松的体细胞胚诱导研究，提供了重要的第一手数据，为中国落叶松优良无性系快速繁殖、遗传改良以及人工种子生产等方面奠定坚实的基础。

Characteristics Comparison of Different Development Periods of Cones Between Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. and L. kaempferi (Lamb.)

In order to solve the problems of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. and L. kaempferi （Lamb.） cone seeds are difficult to distinguish clear after the formation of the zygotic embryos, the larch cones characteristic changes to determine the various characteristics of the cone seeds and larch embryogenic callus induction rate, to find the best material period of induction of somatic embryos of L. principis-rupprechtii and L. Kaempferi. In this study, L. principis-rupprechtii and L. Kaempferi cones as test material to compare the different developmental stages of 2 larch cone 7 phenotypic indexes difference. Larch zygotic embryos of different developmental stages of 2 embryogenic callus induction of indicators and analysis of the correlation. The results showed that L. principis-rupprechtii cone wideitudinal diameter and seed wideitudinal diameter had been larger than L. kaempferi at different developmental stages. Larch cones and seeds of various periods of vertical and horizontal diameter ratio L. kaempferi were significantly higher than L. principis-rupprechtii. The same culture conditions, each period L. principis-rupprechtii. embryogenic callus induction rate than L. kaempferi, received the highest embryo callus induction rate was 78.89% on July 27th. Correlation analysis showed that the larch embryogenic callus induction rate was a significant positive correlation with the cone wideitudinal diameter. This paper provides the important first-hand data for the future researches on somatic embryo callus induction rate of larix, and it also lays the solid foundation for the rapid propagation of excellent clones, genetic improvement, artificial seed production and so on of larix in our country.