3种基因突变方法在微生物中的应用研究进展

为了解某个基因的功能，最常用的方法就是构建该基因缺失的突变体，通过测定突变体的某些性状来分析该基因的功能，因此，获得由基因型决定的表型突变体在生物学研究中极为重要。本研究主要介绍了3种构建基因突变体的方法：转座子插入突变、同源重组和定点突变技术，转座子插入方法多用于构建突变体库，同源重组多用于基因功能的研究，定点突变多用于蛋白质功能的研究。3种方法各自侧重点不同，将同源重组和定点突变技术结合起来是将来研究基因突变的一个方向。最后，论述了基因突变技术存在的缺陷和不足，提出该技术还亟待完善。

Research Advancement on 3 methods of Gene Mutation and Application in Microbes

In order to understand the function of a gene,constructing the gene deletion mutant was the most common method.Analysis of the gene function through the determination of mutant characters to obtain a phenotype mutant,which determined by genotype was very important in biology research.3 methods constructing gene mutant were introduced,such as transposon inserting mutant,homologous recombination and site-directed mutagenesis.The method of transposon insertion was used to construct the mutant library,homologous recombination was used to study the gene function,and site-directed mutagenesis was used to study the protein function.3 methods emphasize a different aspect respectively.The combination of homologous recombination and site-directed mutagenesis would to be a new direction for gene mutations.Finally,the defects and shortcomings of gene mutation technology were discussed in this paper.The technology was proposed to be improved in the future.