重庆马铃薯土壤养分分级研究

为了了解重庆主要马铃薯产区的土壤养分状况,通过采用土壤养分测试的方法,研究重庆主要马铃薯产区巫溪和城口两县随机采集的62个0～20cm土壤样本。结果表明,大部分马铃薯土壤pH>7.6,整体偏碱,不适宜马铃薯生长。有机质含量较丰富,其中高于20g/kg的土壤占80.6%,高于40g/kg的土壤占17.7%。全氮、磷含量丰富,有近一半土壤全钾含量属适量范围,丰富和缺乏范围内的比例分别是24.2%和30.6%,以巫溪县马铃薯土壤全磷、全钾含量缺乏较严重,比例分别为35.3%和50.0%。两县马铃薯土壤有效氮、磷、钾、硫含量均较丰富,交换性钙、镁含量十分丰富,而城口县土壤有效硫含量整体偏低。土壤有效铁、锰、硼均缺乏,比例分别为48.4%、56.4%和98.4%,有效铜、锌含量则十分丰富,各微量元素的含量以城口高于巫溪。通过试验研究得出,同一产区不同部位土壤养分存在很大差异,不同产区马铃薯土壤养分丰缺范围明显不同。

Classification of Potato Soil Nutrient in Chongqing

The article took and tested 62 samples of top soil（0-20 cm） from potato growing areas in Wuxi and Chengkou of Chongqing for learning the status about potato soil nutrient.The results showed that,the soil pH was unsuitable for growing potato as overall alkaline.The soil organic matter was rich,where the content over 20 g/kg took up 80.6% and there was 17.7% soil over 40 g/kg.The rate of soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus were high respectively and total potassium nearly a half of the whole samples was moderate,the ratio of richness and lack were 24.2% and 30.6%.As for one area,the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium were both serious lack reached 35.3% and 50% in Wuxi.The results also indicated that,the content of soil available N,P,K and S were all in rich levels and the exchanged Ca and Mg were both extremely rich.The standard of soil available S was generally low in Chengkou.In terms of the micro-nutrients,the deficiency rate of available Fe,Mn and B was 48.4%,56.4% and 98.4%,respectively.However,the rate of available Cu and Zn were both very rich.All the micro-nutrients were higher in Chengkou.Soil nutrient classifications differed significantly at different positions and different region by the experiment.