水稻三角形强化栽培与正方形强化栽培、抛秧栽培、常规栽培的比较研究

为了探讨三角形强化栽培在生长发育及产量形成等方面的特点，找出最具增产潜力的栽培方式和技术，为其今后在水稻生产应用中提供实践依据。试验以‘D优527’为材料，研究了在不同施氮水平和密度下，水稻三角形强化栽培与正方形强化栽培、抛秧栽培、常规栽培水稻群体和个体关系、群体库源建成特征、水稻后期衰老及产量形成等方面的差异。结果显示：（1）三角形强化栽培和抛秧栽培在个体产量性状有所下降的情况下，依靠群体有效穗的提高达到高产目的，但适宜密度的三角形强化栽培显然要优于抛秧栽培；而正方形强化栽培则以强化个体生长发育为目标，在个体产量性状得到大幅提高的基础上，群体足够就能达到很好的增产效果，但增产效果不如三角形强化栽培。（2）适宜密度的三角形强化栽培、正方形强化栽培在生育后期能保持较高的LAI，抽穗期能积累更多的干物质，且其茎鞘物质向穗部的输出量、输出率及转换率均显著高于抛秧栽培和常规栽培，具有更高的产量潜力。（3）高肥处理（纯氮225 kg/hm2）比中肥处理（纯氮150 kg/hm2）产量增加6.36%，表明适当提高施氮水平，更有利于提高强化栽培产量。

Comparative Study on Triangle System of Rice Intensification (SRI) with Square System of Rice Intensification, Throwing-transplanted Rice and Traditional Cultivation

The characters of growth and development and the formation of grain yield in triangle SRI were studied in this paper to supply the practice basis in rice production.The triangle SRI with different planting density was compared with square SRI,throwing-transplanted rice and traditional cultivation under different level of nitrogen supplied in order to study the changes of relationship between population and individual of rice,characters of formation and translocation in population source-sink,plant senescence in later growth stage and yield formation characters.The results indicated that,triangle SRI and throwing-transplanted rice harvest was higher than grain yield by increasing more number of effective panicle and decreasing individual quality to some extent,but the triangle SRI with suitable density had more advantage than throwing-transplanted rice and square SRI obviously.Square SRI also obtained high grain yield by improving the individual growth and its yield components if population was enough.Triangle SRI and square SRI with suitable density had bigger LAI,more accumulation of matter,higher export amount and export percentage and translocation percentage of stems and sheaths to panicle than throwing-transplanted rice and traditional cultivation in its late growth period.Triangle SRI and square SRI with suitable density had higher productive potential.The grain yield of high N supplied（225 kg/hm2） was higher by 6.36% than that of medium N supplied（150 kg/hm2）.It indicated that,proper increase of N supplied level was favor of higher grain yield for SRI.