虾夷扇贝家系群体遗传结构及其微卫星标记与经济性状相关性的分析研究

为了有效利用微卫星技术分析虾夷扇贝的群体遗传结构并筛选与虾夷扇贝生长相关的标记。采用19个多态性微卫星分子标记对虾夷扇贝一个家系群体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果显示：19个微卫星位点共获得60个等位基因，每个位点的等位基因数(Na)为2~4个，等位基因片段大小为113~312 bp，平均等位基因数为3.26个，平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为3.0175个，观测杂合度(Ho)平均值为0.2952，期望杂合度(He)的平均值为0.6352，平均多态信息含量(PIC)值为0.5671。经卡方Hardy-Weinberg检验(P<0.01)显示多于半数的位点都发生了偏离。运用SPSS 16.0对微卫星标记与虾夷扇贝生长性状的相关性进行分析，结果表明：DQ679223与壳宽显著相关，EF056526与体重、壳长、壳高、壳宽显著相关，DQ221720与体重、壳高、壳宽显著相关，FJ262409与体重显著相关。研究结果表明：虾夷扇贝的群体遗传多样性水平较高，有较高的遗传改良潜力，可以利用筛选的与虾夷扇贝生长相关的标记进行辅助育种，提高育种效率。

Genetic Structure of Japanese Scallop Population (Patinopecten yessoensis) and Correlation of Microsatellite DNA Markers with Growth Traits

This study aims to analyze the genetic structure and screen the the microsatellite technology. The genetic structure of one breeding （Patinopecten yessoensis） was analyzed using 19 polymorphic microsatellite total of 60 alleles were detected for 19 loci, and the number of alleles markers associated with growth by population of Japanese scallop markers. The results showed that a ranged from 2 to 4. The average effective number of alleles was 3.26; observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 0.2952 and 0.6352, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content was 0.5671. The probability value of Chi-square test showed that more than half of the 19 loci have significantly＇ deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium （P〈 0.01）. The SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the effect of these 19 microsatellites on body weight, shell length, width and height. Results indicated that DQ679223 had a significant impact on shell width; EF056526 bad a significant impact on body weight, shell length, width and height; DQ221720 had a significant impact on body weight shell width and height, FJ262409 had a signifcant impact on body weight. The results showed that the genetic diversity of this population was high, what＇ s more, the markers related with the growth can be used to assist the breeding and improve the efficiency.