一株野生大型真菌的分离与鉴定

从北京香山采集了一株大型的野生真菌，对其分离并进行鉴定分析。通过组织分离获得该真菌菌丝纯培养物，分别以子实体及菌丝体的基因组DNA为模板进行ITS片段的扩增、测序及系统发育分析。PCR测序结果分析证明从子实体扩增的ITS片段与菌丝体的大小一致，表明菌丝纯培养物来源于该子实体，将菌株的ITS基因序列提交到GenBank核酸序列数据库并与数据库中已知的相关序列进行比对，比对结果表明该真菌属于蘑菇属(Agaricus)，GenBank登录号为JN907016。在MEGA4.1软件中进行该菌株系统发育树的构建及遗传距离的计算，结果表明该分离菌株与A. fuscofibrillosus WC913菌株的遗传关系最近，遗传距离达到97.2%。采用分子生物学方法对分离的野生真菌进行鉴定，从而对该野生菌株的遗传地位进行解析，为该野生菌的开发利用奠定基础。

Isolation and Identification for A Wild Fruiting Body-forming Fungus

The aim was to isolate and identify a wild fruiting bogy-forming fungus which was obtained from Beijing Xiang-Mountain. The mycelium was isolated from wild fruiting body-forming fungus. Genomic DNA was extracted from mycelium and fruiting body then used as template for the ITS gene PCR amplification. ITS gene fragments were purified and sequenced. The sequences were analyzed using phylogenetic method. ＂PCR＂ should be revised to ＂Sequencing＂ analysis showed that the isolated mycelium came from the wild fungus’s fruiting body. ITS sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the fungi belonged to the genus Agaricus. Genbank accession number of the ITS gene was JN907016. Phylogenetic analysis using MEGA4.1 software showed that the wild fungus had a high genetic distance, which was up to 97.2% , with A. fuscofibrillosus WC913. Identification of the isolated wild fungus using molecular ＂biology＂ should be revised to ＂biological＂ method could analyze the genetic status and lay the foundation for the exploitation of the wild fungi.