棉花氮素营养特性研究进展

氮素是棉株体内的主要结构元素，是限制棉花高产的主要因子之一。综述了氮肥运筹对棉花生物质积累、叶绿素SPAD值、产量构成因素、磷钾吸收与分配以及纤维品质的影响，结合近期有关棉花氮肥后移效应的研究进展，得出在一定范围内，提高氮肥用量有利于棉株生物质积累和功能叶片较高的叶绿素SPAD值；不同种植密度下，适量的氮肥用量，有利于单株铃数和单铃重提高，对衣分影响较小；适量的氮肥用量，有利于提高棉株对磷钾的吸收利用效率；氮肥可以影响纤维品质，不同学者结果存在差异；适量的氮肥后移，有利于延缓棉花衰老，延长花铃期。

Review on Nitrogen Nutrition Characteristic of Cotton

Nitrogen is the main structure element in cotton plant body and one of the main factors limiting the high yield of cotton.This paper reviewed the influences of nitrogen strategy on biomass accumulation of cotton,chlorophyll SPAD value,yield formation factors,uptake and distribution of phosphorus and potassium,and fiber quality,combining the research development of recently relevant cotton nitrogen moved effect.We draw the following conclusions：in a certain degree,improving nitrogen fertilizer was helpful for biomass accumulation and higher chlorophyll SPAD value of function leaves of cotton plant.Under different planting density condition,a moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was helpful for the improvement of the number of bells per plant and average weight per with less influence on lint percent.A moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was helpful for improving the absorption and utilization efficiency of the cotton plant to potassium and phosphorus.Nitrogen would influence the fiber quality,different results existed in different scholars.A moderate amount of nitrogen fertilizer moved back was helpful for delaying cotton ageing and extending the blooming period.