试论西藏农业资源状况与种植制度发展

为了进一步改革和完善西藏主要农区的种植制度现状,阐述了与西藏种植制度密切相关的光、热、水、土农业资源状况。通过分析全区不同时期种植指数,粮、经、饲作物结构,单产,总产,种植方式和轮作体制,以及拉萨、山南、日喀则等河谷农区的种植情况,概括和总结出目前西藏主要农区:(1)作物布局不尽合理;(2)多熟种植制的发展缓慢;(3)种植体制模式单一。并初步提出了今后西藏种植制度改革和发展方向:(1)改革和发展的突破口是合理规划农业大区的种植制度;(2)在适宜的农区有目的地发展多熟种植制是合理利用剩余农业资源的有效措施;(3)把草田轮作纳入种植体制中是农牧结合的突破口。

Discussion of Agricultural Resources Status and Cropping System of Tibet

In order to reform and improve the planting system current situation of the main agricultural district of Tibet, light, heat, water and soil agricultural resource status were explained, which is closely related with cropping system of Tibet. Planting system of grain oil-bearing and fresh crop, planting index, per unit area yield, gross output, planting way and crop rotation system of the whole Tibet in different period, as well as the planting situations of agricultural districts of river valley such as Lhasa, Lhoka, Shikaze,etc. were analyzed. The main agricultural district of Tibet at present were summarized: (1) Crop composition and distribution is unreasonable; (2) The intensive cropping development is slow; (3) The planting mode is single. And the planting system reform and developing direction in the future of Tibet was put forward: (1) The breach of reform and development is making out planting systems of the large district of agriculture in Tibet; (2) Developing double cropping in the suitable agricultural district is an effective measure to make use of the surplus agricultural resource; (3) It is a breach for agriculture and animal husbandry to bring grass field rotate into planting system.