鳕鱼骨钙片的制备及其生物利用

为有效利用鳕鱼加工中产生的鱼骨下脚料,研究采用碱醇法制备了鳕鱼骨钙粉,探讨了鳕鱼骨钙片制备方法,同时以Wistar大鼠为模型研究鳕鱼骨钙片的生物学功效。结果表明,采用NaOH和乙醇浸泡制取鳕鱼骨钙粉的最佳工艺参数为1mol/L NaOH溶液,浸泡时间30h,乙醇浓度60%,浸泡时间15h,制取的鳕鱼骨粉钙含量为27.8%,磷含量12.2%,蛋白质含量3.67%,脂肪含量0.44%。骨粉色泽洁白,无任何异味;粘合剂选用浓度为4%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮乙醇溶液,填充剂与奶粉的配比为1∶2;崩解时间实验显示鳕鱼骨钙片崩解时间小于12min,无须添加崩解剂。动物实验表明,鳕鱼骨钙片2g/(kg.d)和鳕鱼骨钙片5g/(kg.d)可显著提高大鼠血钙、血磷和骨钙含量,具有促进骨生长、提高骨密度和防止骨质疏松的功效。

Study on Preparation of Haddock Calcium Tablet and its Biological Utilization

With China's increasing development of fisheries and aquaculture, there is an annual increase in the manufacture of aquatic products. Processing of aquatic products is associated with a large amount of waste products, in which fishbone and fishhead account for 45%. The waste products had been used as material of fish sauceand hydrolyzed protein, with high cost and complicated processes. How to efficiently utilize this kind of calcium source becomes focus in fish deep processing. Not only in China calcium deficiency is a prevalent nutritional disease, it has attracted the attention of the world because of its serious result. The lack of calcium intake leads to great interest in demand of calcium supplement and calcium fortification. Fishbone is a kind of natural calcium source. Until recently, researches on utilization of fishbone almost focused on freshwater fish, while no research on seawater fish was conducted to study biological effects on calcium supplement and bone fortification. So, investigating the possible use of waste products obtained after processing haddock, the present study prepared haddock bone calcium powder by NaOH and ethanol soaking (alkaline-alcohol method) and prepared haddock bone calcium tablets using the powder in combination with appropriate excipients. The biological efficacy of the haddock bone calcium tablets was investigated using Wistar rats as an experiment model. Results showed that the optimal parameters for the alkaline-alcohol method are as follows: NaOH concentration 1 mol/L, immersion time 30 h, ethanol concentration 60%, immersion time 15 h. The fish powder processed in this way has high quality in color and odor compared with that prepared in acid method. Contents of fishbone powder are as follows: calcium 27.8%, phosphors 12.2%, protein 3.67%, fat 0.44%. A mixture of 4% polyvinylpyrrolidone in ethanol was used as an excipient, and the ratio between full-cream milk powder and filler was 1:2. Under these conditions, there is no necessity of the use of a disintegrating agent because disintegrating time is less than 12 min. This process provided satisfactory characters for tablets in terms of rigidity and taste. Animal studies showed that the haddock bone calcium tablets at a dose of 2 g/kg·d or 5 g/kg·d significantly increased blood calcium and phosphorus levels and bone calcium content in Wistar rats.Therefore, the haddock bone calcium tablets have a better biological efficacy than the traditional calcium carbonate formulation, promote bone growth, increase bone density and prevent osteoporosis. The absorption rate is crucial for nutrients. High absorption rates are usually directly related to the bioactivity of the nutrient. Although the reasons of high absorption in the rats fed with haddock bone calcium tablets are still unclear, it is suggested that some factors, such as treatment with method of alkaline-alcohol or the vitamin D in the added milk, may play positive roles in increasing absorption ratio. Some natural trace elements such as magnesium, iron and phosphorus may also be responsible for the high bioavailability of calcium derived from haddock fishbone relative to calcium carbonate. These researches provide a more effective way for economic utilization of fish bone derived from marine fish processing.