西瓜矮化小果突变体的遗传研究

在普通西瓜育种材料‘韩选绿圆’中发现一株矮化小果型自然突变体（命名为dsh）。对其形态学观察发现：其主蔓长度、节间长度和单瓜质量均显著低于普通西瓜（P < 0.05）。将此突变体与两个普通长蔓西瓜进行杂交、F1自交并以‘dsh’回交，获得F1、F2和BC各世代群体，对蔓型和单瓜质量的遗传分析表明：F1均为长蔓普通果型植株，F2和BC群体长蔓普通果型植株与矮化小果型植株的比例符合3∶1和1∶1的分离比（P > 0.05）。说明该矮化小果突变是受1对隐性基因控制，其遗传方式符合孟德尔遗传定律。

Genetic Studies on Watermelon Mutant with Dwarf Vine and Small Fruit

A watermelon mutant with dwarf vine and small fruit（named as dsh）was identified from a normal watermelon line‘Hanxuan Lüyuan’. Morphological observed and comparative analysis on the vine length and fruit weight measurements in the mature stage showed that the vine length，internode length and fruit weight of dsh were significant（P < 0.05）lower than those of the normal plants. The mutant was crossed with its wild type line and another watermelon variety with the normal vine length，and these two F1 was self-crossed and backcrossed with dsh，the different generations of F1，F2 and BC population were obtained. Analysis on the vine type and fruit weight of different generations showed that F1 were plants with long vine and normal fruit weight，and the segregation ratios of 3∶1（P > 0.05）and 1∶1（P > 0.05）in F2 and BC populations suggested that the short vine and small fruit trait was inherited as a single recessive nuclear gene and the inheritance modal was agreement with Mendel’s law.