杂种小麦干物质积累及其杂种优势的研究

对6个澳大利亚杂种小麦在不同生育期植株及各器官的干物质积累、分配及干物质积累的杂种优势进行了研究。结果表明,植株总干物质积累在籽粒灌浆末期达到最大值,茎秆和叶片干物质积累均在开花期达到最大值。挑旗期茎秆、叶片各占植株总干物质的50％;从孕穗王灌浆末期,茎秆为干物质的主要贮存器官,占植株总干物质的 39.87％～66.67％;在成熟期,籽粒成为干物质贮存的最主要部位,占37.65％,茎秆占35.23％。从6个杂交种平均值来看,干物质积累多表现为正向杂种优势,尤其在营养生长期优势最明显。相关分析表明,营养生长期植株总干物质积累量较大且主要分配在茎秆部位的杂交品种,一般具有较高的籽粒产量和较强的产量优势。

Study on the Dry Matter Accumulation and Its Heterosis of Hybrid Wheat

The dry matter accumulation and distribution and their heterosis of various plant parts at different growing stages in six Australia hybrids were studied in this paper. The results showed: total dry matter of plant peaked at the end of grain filling stage, leaf and stem dry matter were greatest at flowering stage. Leaf and stem were each about 50 percent of total dry matter of plant at flag leaf developing stage. From booting to the end of grain filling stage, stem distributed 39. 87 percent to 66. 67 percent, which was the main vegetative tissue for dipositing dry matter, but grain was first (distributing about 37. 65 percent of total dry matter) at maturity and stem was secondary (distributing about 35. 23 percent). We could conclude that from the mean of six hybrids, there were positive heteriosis of dry matter accumulation at most sampling dates, especialy was stronger at vegetative growth. The hybrid, with more dry matter at vegetative growth, and mainly distribtuion in stem forit, had higher grain yield and stronger heterosis of grain yield.