烟台市售乳及乳制品重金属污染状况及暴露风险评估研究

对2012-2016年烟台市售生乳、发酵乳、灭菌乳、全脂乳粉和婴幼儿配方乳粉5种乳及乳制品中的铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、总汞(Hg)及总砷(As)含量进行测定.采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,对其污染程度进行分析评价.结果表明:乳制品中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、总汞(Hg)和总砷(As)的检出率分别为58.69%(125/213)、36.62%(78/213)、3.29%(7/213)、2.82%(6/213),发酵乳和婴幼儿配方乳粉中总Hg和总As未检出,全脂乳粉中总As未检出.生乳、发酵乳和灭菌乳等液态乳Pb的检出率和单因子污染指数均最高;全脂乳粉Pb的检出率最高,Cd的单因子污染指数最高;婴幼儿配方乳粉中Cd的检出率最高,而Pb的单因子污染指数最高.生乳中重金属污染程度最高,P综合=0.292,全脂乳粉综合污染指数最低,P综合=0.087 6,各类乳制品的综合污染指数从大到小排序为生乳﹥发酵乳﹥灭菌乳﹥婴幼儿配方乳粉﹥全脂乳粉.生乳、发酵乳和灭菌乳重金属污染物主要为Pb,全脂乳粉和婴幼儿配方乳粉为Pb和Cd.生乳的综合污染指数较高.

Research in Pollution and Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals in Milk and Dairy Products in Yantai Market

The content of Pb, Cd, total-Hg and total-As in raw milk,fermented milk,sterilized milk,infant formula and milk powder during 2013-2016 were detected.Single factor contamination index method and comprehensive contamination index method of Nemerow were used to evaluate the contamination level according to the grading standard of agriculture product quality.The detection rate of Pb,total-As,total-Hg,Cd were Pb 58.69%(125/213),Cd 36.62%(78/213)、Hg 3.29%(7/213)、As 2.82%(6/213),in dairy products,respectively.Total-Hg and total-As in fermented milk and infant formula were not detected.Total-As in milk powder was not detected,too.The detection rate and single factor contamination index of Pb were the highest in raw milk, fermented milk and sterilized milk.The detection rate of Pb was the highest in milk powder while single factor contamination index of Cd was the highest.The detection rate of Cd was the highest in infant formula while single factor contamination index of Pb was the highest.The heavy metal contamination in raw milk ranked the first with Pn=0.292,while milk power as the last with Pn=0.0876.The heavy metal contamination in dairy products could be lined in a decreasing order of raw milk,fermented milk,sterilized milk,infant formula and milk power.Pb was the dominant heavy metal contamination in raw milk,fermented milk and sterilized milk,while Pb and Cd were the dominant heavy metal contamination in infant formula and milk power.Comprehensive contamination index in raw milkwas higher.