苦瓜种子发育过程中果实形态学性状变化与种子质量演进的关系

以12个不同类型苦瓜资源为研究对象,对其种子发育进程中的果实及种子的形态学性状变化及种子生活力、干重及含水量的变化进行调查,研究发现苦瓜种子发育过程可分为3个时期:快速膨大阶段、干物质积累阶段及成熟脱水阶段。苦瓜种子在12DAA(Date after anthesis)后开始具备生活力,充实成熟期在花后22DAA左右,此时具有最高的发芽率,而在此后的时期却略有下降。果皮颜色在22DAA左右从浅绿色转为黄色,假种皮颜色也在22DAA转红色,种壳完全转为褐色,种子达到充实成熟期和果实外部形态性状的明显变化基本同步。因此,可通过果实的外部形态特征、假种皮的颜色变化来确定种子的最佳采收时间,从而获得高质量的种子。

Relationship between changes of fruit morphological traits and stages of seed development of Momordica charantia L.

Twelve germplasm accessions of Momordica charantia were used in this experiment to study the relationship between the changes of fruit morphological traits and the stages of seed maturity.Germination percentage,seed dry weight and seed moisture content at different seed developing stages were determined.The results indicated that seed development of Momordica charatia could be classified into three stages:the rapid enlarging,the dry matter accumulation and the dehydration.Seeds start showing viability in 12 days after anthesis(DAA),and the filling matures in approximate 22 DAA when the highest viability is observed.The fruit color changed from light green to yellow and aril color changed into red in approx.22 DAA,which indicated that these two morphological traits could be used as the indicators of seed maturation.