海南省不同产区对越南油茶栽培性状的影响分析

为了探讨海南省不同产区的越南油茶在农艺性状和经济性状上的差异特点,本文对来自8个不同产区的越南油茶成年实生丰产树样本开展农艺性状和经济性状的调查和测定,比较不同产区间的差异。结果表明,不同产区的单株叶片和果实大小、果皮厚度等农艺性状差异显著,但叶片和果实形状无显著差异;种子数、百粒重、单位树冠面积产量等经济性状差异显著;各产区油茶油的过氧化值、皂化值和碘值差异显著,但酸价无显著差异;各产区油茶油的主要脂肪酸组成相似,但花生酸、花生-烯酸、硬脂酸这些小比重脂肪酸差异显著;理化性质和脂肪酸组成均符合《油茶籽油》(GB/T11765—2018)的质量要求,其中XS、HC、MN和HD等产区的油茶油各有表现特殊的品质因素;对全部样品作聚类分析,聚类结果打破了产区分布特征。可见,环境和基因型通过影响农艺性状如果实和种子大小等产量性状;海南不同产区的油茶油均为优质油,同时不同产区又有其特色;海南产区越南油茶的育种目标以丰产性、稳产性和抗性等的遗传改良为主。

Effects of producing regions on the cultivation traits differences of Camellia vietnamensis in Hainan Province

To investigate the differences in agronomic traits and economic traits of Camellia vietnamensis in different producing regions of Hainan Province,the study investigates and determines the agronomic and economic traits of C.vietnamensis seed and high yield tree samples from 8 different producing regions,and compares the differences between different producing regions.The results showed that the agronomic traits such as leaf,fruit size and peel thickness of different producing regions were significantly different,but there was no significant difference in leaf and fruit shape.The economic traits,such as seed number,100-grain weight and yield of unit canopy area,were significantly different.The peroxide value,saponification value and lodine value of C.vietnamensis oil in each production area were significantly different,but there was no significant difference in acid value.The fatty acid composition in different producing regions is similar,but the small specific fatty acids such as arachidonic acid,11-Eicosenoaic acid and stearic acid are significantly different.The physical and chemical indicators and fatty acid composition meets the requirements of the camellia seed oil(GB/T11765-2018),among them,oil from Xishui,Houchen,Mainiu and Haida has special performance in some quality factors.Cluster analysis of all samples,clustering breaks distribution characteristics of production areas.It can be seen that the environment and genotype affect the yield traits by affecting agronomic traits such as seed and fruit size.Camellia oil from different production regions in Hainan all are high quality oil,while some producing regions have their own characteristics.The breeding goal of C.vietnamensis in Hainan are mainly in the genetic improvement of high yield,stability of yield and resistance.