生态足迹视角下的宁波市水资源可持续利用评价

以生态足迹理论为基础,通过构建水资源生态足迹和水资源生态承载力的模型,对宁波市2002-2010年水资源的可持续利用状况进行评价。结果表明,2002-2010年宁波市水资源的人均生态足迹保持在0.62 hm2/cap以下,且变化幅度较小。其中生产用水生态足迹占水资源生态足迹比重最大,达67.9%-79.8%;生活用水生态足迹其次,生态用水生态足迹最小。第一产业用水生态足迹大于第二、三产业之和,城镇居民生活用水生态足迹持续上升。水资源人均生态承载力保持在0.99 hm2/cap以上,受气象、水文影响起伏变化较大;水资源处于生态盈余状态,与水资源生态承载力变化趋势一致。万元GDP水资源生态足迹逐年下降,在经济发展方面水资源开发利用程度正逐步提高。

Evaluation of the Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources

Based on the ecological footprint theory, this paper attempts to make an evaluation of the sustainable utilization of water resources in Ningbo from 2002 to 2010 through constructing an ecological footprint and ecological capacity model. The results show that during 2002-2010 the ecological footprint of water resources per capita maintains below 0.62 hm2/caps with a narrow range in Ningbo. In line with the data analysis, the production water accounts for the largest proportion of the ecological footprint (up to 67.9%-79.8%), followed by the domestic water, and the ecological water takes the least position. The ecological footprint of the water used for the primary industry is larger than the sum of the water utilized by the secondary and tertiary industries. The ecological footprint of the water used by the urban residents continues to rise. The ecological capacity of water resources per capita remains above 0.99 hm2/cap, affected by the weather and hydrological conditions, which lead to its significant change. The water resources are in an ecological surplus, and their change tendency is consistent with their ecological capacity. The ecological footprint of water resources per ten-thousand Yuan GDP is decreasing year by year, and the magnitude of the exploration and utilization of water resources for the development of economics is gradually increasing.