南方丘陵山地带水源涵养功能变化特征

本文以南方丘陵山地带为研究对象,以2000、2005和2010年三期生态系统类型数据为基础,采用降水贮存量和转移矩阵的方法,分析了南方丘陵山地带生态系统水源涵养功能及其变化特征。结果表明:十年间,研究区水源涵养量呈上升趋势,其总量上升了1.61×108 m3,上升的经济价值为1.08×108元。森林生态系统是主要贡献者,三个年份贡献率分别为69.2%、69.5%和69.9%。不同生态系统水源涵养总量排序为森林农田灌丛草地湿地,水源涵养能力排序为湿地森林草地灌丛农田。水源涵养功能主要集中在较高、中和较低等级,三者总面积比例三个年份分别为97.2%、97.0%和96.9%;各等级间不同程度地相互转换,但以向中和较高等级转移为主,整体呈由低往高转移的变化特征。

Characteristics of Variation of Water Conservation in Southern Hilly and Mountainous Region of China

The ecosystem function of water conservation and its variation characteristics are analyzed in the southern hilly and mountainous region in this paper by using rainfall storage and transfer matrix based on an ecosystem type data for 2000, 2005 and 2010. Our results show that the total amount of water conservation presents an increasing trend by 1.61×108 m3 during 2000-2010, in which the forest ecosystem is the main contributor, accounting for 69.2%, 69.5% and 69.9% in 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively. The amount of water conservation differs significantly among ecosystem types, and a decreasing order is presented as follows: forestland > farmland > shrub > grassland > wetland. Whilst the capacity of water conservation is significantly different among ecosystem types with the following decreasing order: wetland > forestland > grassland > shrub > farmland. The ecosystem function of water conservation is mainly concentrated in the high (97.2%), moderate (97.0%) and low (96.9%) grades. Different grades of water conservation can shift from one to another, and in general the transfer of water conservation from the low grade to the moderate and high grades dominates in the whole study region.