大豆保护性施氮的研究Ⅰ．氢醌在大豆保护性施氮中的效应

本文主要研究在施用尿素条件下，配加氢醌来延缓尿素的集中水解，以减少氨挥发并抑制其硝化作用，从而有效地缓解尿素对大豆共生固氮体系产生的严重抑制效应。结果表明，在一定的浓度范围内，氢醌对纯培养大豆根瘤菌生长。幼苗生长和初生结瘤无不利影响；对离体活性根瘤的呼吸活性和璃珀酸脱氢酶活性具有显著促进。在盆载或田间条件下，尿素配加ＨＱ施用，同无ＨＱ等量尿素比较，显著提高了大豆结瘤量和单株固氮总活性；提高了大豆木

STUDIES PROTECTIVE NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN SOYBEAN:I.EFFECT OF HYDROQUINONE APPLICATION

Under the condition of urea fertilization, the hydroquinone (HQ), as a urease inhibitor, was applied to postpond the hydrolysis of urea for decreasing the volatilization of ammonia and restraining its nitrification. As a protective measure of urea fertilization, HQ was very effective in alleviating the inhibition effect of urea fertilizer on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation System of soybean. HQ was found to have no unfavourable effect on the growing of the purecultured soybean rhizobia, the growing of the seedings of soybean and primary forming of the nodules at an applied levels of HQ. Furthermore, the respiratory activity of isolated-cultured active root nodule and the activity of succinic dehydrogenase were promoted remarkably. Under pot and field conditions, fertilizing urea with HQ, compared with check (no HQ), could notably raise the nodule quantity and increase the total nitrogen fixation activity of single plant and enhance the content and relative abundance of ureide nitrogen in plant hadromestome of soybean. Therefore, fertilizing urea with HQ could improve the development of the soybean symbiotic nitrosen fixation system and coordinate the supply of the nitrogen sourced from nodule or soil (fertilizer) needed by soybean. Thereby, the rich nitrogen could be provided for synthesizing protein of seed. For this reason, fertilizing urea with HQ could increase soybean yield very remarkably.