基于点评估方法的渤海湾产区苹果中农药残留膳食暴露风险研究

为评估渤海湾产区苹果中主要农药的残留情况及其产生的风险,在山东、辽宁及河北3个主要省份的150个生产基地进行了苹果样品采集与测定分析,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。结果表明:93.3%的苹果样品检出有低浓度农药残留,经最大残留限量值(MRL)判定后100%合格,82.0%的样品中农药残留种类在3种及以下;共检出17种农药残留,大多为低毒或无毒农药,无禁用和高毒农药。采用点评估方法,选择检出率在20%以上的多菌灵、毒死蜱、啶虫脒和戊唑醇进行不同消费人群暴露点评估。结果显示:4种农药的急性和慢性摄入风险均为儿童高于成年人,绝大多数女性人群的摄入风险高于男性;4种农药急性摄入风险均高于慢性摄入风险,风险水平由高到低为多菌灵毒死蜱戊唑醇啶虫脒,但点评估结果均远低于100%,说明通过食用苹果摄入的农药残留极其微量,不会对人体产生急性或慢性风险。

Studies on pesticide residues and exposure risk assessments for apples in Bohai Bay area based on deterministic approach

In order to evaluate the dietary exposure of pesticide residues in Bohai Bay area apples, 150 samples collected from Shandong, Liaoning and Hebei orchards were analyzed. Dietary intake exposure risks among different consumer groups were assessed. The analytical results indicated that 93.3% of the samples contained low residues of one or more pesticide. All detected residues were below the national MRLs. 82% of the samples contained 3 or less kinds of pesticide residues. Totally 17 pesticide residues were detected, most of them with low toxicity. Carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid and tebuconazole were selected for intake exposure risk assessment using deterministic approach from United States Environmental Protection Agency(US-EPA) for the highly detected rate over 20%. It's found that risks for children were higher than the adults, and most of female groups were higher than that of the male. Acute risks of the four pesticides were all higher than that of the chronic, and the risk level followed as carbendazim >chlorpyrifos >tebuconazole >acetamiprid. That the%aPADs and%cPADs for all population groups were far below 100% indicated there were hardly no risk of these pesticide residues on apples to human health.