燕麦C基因组反转录转座子分离与特异性标记的建立

燕麦属是禾本科中重要的属,其中,栽培燕麦是一种营养价值很高的粮、经、饲、药多用途作物,而野生物种中则含有多种优良农艺性状基因,是遗传改良的重要资源。基因组和染色体特异性的分子标记是分子育种工作的重要工具,以燕麦属不同倍性和基因组物种为材料,利用300条随机引物(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD),从燕麦C基因组中筛选到一条基因组特异性序列OPR51655;比对和原位杂交发现,OPR51655为一Ty1-copia型反转录转座子重复序列,其同源序列分布于除端部和着丝粒外的整个染色体臂上;根据OPR51655建立了燕麦C基因组特异性(sequence-characterized amplified region,SCAR)标记,利用该标记能有效地检测燕麦栽培种和野生种中的C基因组染色质。

Isolation and Characterization of Genome-specific Retrotransposon in Arena with the C Genome

The genus Avena is one of an important genus in gramineous plants,among which cultivated oat(A.sativa L.) is a multipurpose crop with high nutritional value of the food,economy,feed and medicine.The wild species with many valuable agronomic traits are important genetic resources for improving oat by wide hybridization.Genome-or chromosome-specific markers are useful for monitoring genome introgression and identifying genome components.To obtain genome-specific molecular marker of Avena,random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis were performed on Avena with 300 random 10-based primers.A repetitive sequence of 1 655 bp,named OPR51655,was isolated from A.eriantha(C genome),and Genebank BLAST searches revealed that the nucleotide sequences of OPR51655 had high homology to a part of Ty1-copia retrotransposon.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) analyses indicated that OPR51655 was significantly hybridized to A.eriantha chromosomes and was assigned along the A.eriantha chromosomes arms except the centromeric and terminal regions.Based on the sequence of OPR51655,a pair of sequence-characterized amplified region(SCAR) primers was designed,and the resulted SCAR marker was specific to target both oat and the wild Avena species with C genome.