Evaluation of strength at the acrylic-pin interface for variably treated external skeletal fixator pins

Objective: To report pullout force to failure at the acrylic–pin interface for variably treated 3.2 mm external skeletal fixator pins. Study Design: In vitro biomechanical evaluation. Sample Population: 3.2 mm external skeletal fixator pins in polymethylmethacrylate bars. Methods: 3.2 mm external skeletal fixator pins were used for each of 5 treatment groups: polished, unpolished, 3 notched, 5 notched, and machine knurled. Each pin was seated into a 2‐cm‐diameter acrylic connecting bar and tested in pullout force to failure. Each group consisted of 6 pins. The force required to remove the pins from the acrylic bar was measured and compared between groups. Results: Significant differences between treatment groups were determined (P<.05). Within a construct group failure mode was consistent. Fracture of the acrylic bar was only seen with knurled pin ends. Conclusions: When using 2 cm acrylic bars in external skeletal fixation (ESF), a knurled pin shaft or a pin surface with 5 notches should be considered to improve the overall stability of the ESF construct.