饲料中维生素D3添加水平对黄鳝生长性能及免疫功能的影响

维生素D₃是水产养殖动物必需的微量营养素，在维持水产动物正常生长、发育和营养代谢等方面具有重要功能。水产动物几乎不能合成维生素D₃，主要通过食物获取。为了深入解析维生素D₃调控水产动物糖脂代谢的机制，本文综述了近12年来最新的研究进展，包括水产动物对饲料维生素D₃需求量及其影响因素、维生素D₃吸收、转运和代谢机理，以及维生素D₃调控糖脂代谢的机制。已有的研究主要聚焦于水产动物维生素D₃营养生理、代谢和对糖脂代谢的调控，但仍有很多重要的科学问题尚未解决。重点需制定统一的 水产动物维生素D₃需求量评价标准，加强维生素D₃对水产动物糖脂代谢及机制的研究，从而为水产动物维生素D₃营养的精准调控奠定基础。

Vitamin D and immune function: an overview

Vitamin D₃ is an essential vitamin for aquatic animals and functions to maintain normal growth, development, and nutritional metabolism. Aquatic animals barely synthesize vitamin D₃ in the body. Instead, they obtain vitamin D₃ mainly from feed. To gain deep knowledge concerning mechanisms by which vitamin D₃ regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in aquatic animals, we summarized dietary vitamin D₃ requirement and its influencing factors, and illustrated vitamin D₃ absorption, transport, metabolism and regulatory mechanisms, and the mechanism of vitamin D₃ regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in aquatic animals. At present, studies are very limited on nutrition physiology, metabolism and regulation on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by vitamin D₃ in aquatic animals, and many important scientific questions remain unresolved. In the future, it will be necessary to set up a unified standard evaluating “dietary vitamin D₃ requirement of aquatic animals” and to target studies concerning mechanisms regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in aquatic animals, which will provide references for precise regulation of vitamin D₃ nutrition physiology in aquatic animals.