我国贝类养殖发展的基本态势与模式研究

贝类养殖是我国水产养殖业的重要组成部分，在促进经济社会发展、提高就业率、改善人民生活及保护生态环境等方面发挥了重要作用，其经济、社会和生态功能日益凸显。近年来，因环境胁迫和病原侵染引发的海水养殖贝类暴发性病害时有发生，所造成的经济损失巨大，严重阻碍了海水养殖产业的绿色高质量发展。贝类缺乏适应性免疫，且主要养殖于开放或半开放水体，难以通过疫苗注射或环境调控等手段进行病害防控。贯彻“绿色防控”的理念，加快病害预警预报体系建设是海水养殖贝类病害防控的重要发展方向。本文综述了我国海水贝类养殖及病害发生的现状，并结合团队前期研究和病害预警预报工作实践, 提出了海水养殖贝类病害防控策略，以期提升我国水产动物疫病防控能力，为保障水产品稳定安全供给、促进水产养殖业绿色高质量发展提供参考。

A study on the basic situation and pattern of shellfish breeding in China

Mollusc aquaculture contributes dominantly to the aquaculture industry in China, which plays an increasingly significant role in the development of economy, society and ecology, including promoting economic and social development, employment, as well as improving living standards of the people and protection of ecological environment. However, the outbreaks of mollusc diseases have resulted in substantial economic losses, which has seriously threatened the development of green and high-quality aquaculture industry. As molluscs lack adaptive immunity and are usually cultured in open or semi-open waters, it is difficult to prevent and control the diseases through environmental management or vaccine injection. The development of “green prevention” strategy and disease warning system is vital for the sustainable aquaculture. This article summarizes the current status of mollusc aquaculture and disease occurrence, and proposes the strategies for disease prevention and control. This review will provide reference for improving the disease control capabilities of aquaculture, ensuring the supply of aquatic products, and promoting the development of high-quality aquaculture industry.