卵黄蛋白原研究及其进展

甲壳动物和昆虫由于进化上亲缘关系近，被统称泛甲壳动物，大多数泛甲壳动物卵黄蛋白原为雌性特异性蛋白，是卵母细胞中储存的卵黄蛋白的前体，可为胚胎发育提供营养和能量，是决定繁殖性能的关键因素，在生殖发育中起着十分重要的作用。已有研究证明，调控泛甲壳动物卵黄蛋白原的主要激素有保幼激素、蜕皮激素、神经肽和胰岛素样肽等。昆虫保幼激素和蜕皮激素发挥促进作用，而神经肽和胰岛素样肽对卵黄蛋白原合成的调控作用因种类不同而存在不同。除了以上激素，甲壳动物特有的眼柄高血糖激素家族以及促雄腺激素(IAG)对卵黄蛋白原的合成起负调控作用。本文总结了近年来泛甲壳动物卵黄蛋白原合成调控机制的相关研究，概括并比较了调控昆虫与甲壳动物的卵黄蛋白原合成的主要激素及调控机制，为养殖虾蟹甲壳动物生殖调控相关研究提供参考。

Pancrustacean phylogeny: hexapods are terrestrial crustaceans and maxillopods are not monophyletic

Crustaceans and insects are close in evolution and referred to as pancrustaceans. Most vitellogenin is a female-specific protein, which is the precursor of vitellin stored in oocytes. Vitellogenin plays a key role in reproductive success. It has been known that juvenile hormone, molting hormone, neuropeptide and insulin-like peptide are the main factors for regulating vitellogenin synthesis in pancrustaceans. The juvenile hormone and ecdysone exert promoting effect on vitellogenesis in insects, while the effect of neuropeptides and insulin-like peptides on the vitellogenesis in a species-specific manner. In addition to the above hormones, the crustacean unique hormones, such as eyestalk hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) family and insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG), have inhibitory effects on the vitellogenin synthesis. This review summarized the research progress on the regulatory mechanism of vitellogenin synthesis in pancrustaceans, and make detail comparisons of the main hormones and their regulation of vitellogenin synthesis between insects and crustaceans, providing a valuable reference for future studies on reproduction control in cultivated decapod crustaceans.