我国克氏原螯虾产业调查分析与发展对策建议

为探究克氏原螯虾配合饲料经发酵处理后的饲喂效果，分别用未发酵和发酵饲料在室内循环水系统中饲养体重为(4.91±0.18) g的克氏原螯虾幼虾8周，采样分析发酵饲料对克氏原螯虾生长、肌肉品质、消化力、抗氧化能力及肠道菌群结构的影响。结果显示，①发酵饲料水中溶失率显著低于未发酵饲料；②发酵饲料显著提高克氏原螯虾增重率和特定生长率，降低饲料系数，但对存活率、肝体比、含肉率和体成分无显著影响；③发酵饲料显著提高克氏原螯虾肌肉硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和胶黏性，降低了黏附性；④发酵饲料显著提高克氏原螯虾肝胰腺及肠道中胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性，血清和肝胰腺中超氧化物歧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性，以及肝胰腺总抗氧化能力；⑤发酵饲料显著提高了肠道绒毛长度和宽度；⑥发酵饲料改善了克氏原螯虾肠道微生物结构，显著升高了厚壁菌门和放线菌门相对丰度，同时提高了肠道菌群多样性。研究表明，饲料经发酵处理后可以有效提高克氏原螯虾生长性能、肌肉品质、消化力和抗氧化能力，改善了肠道组织结构，改变了肠道微生物结构，为克氏原螯虾新型环保饲料的生产提供理论依据。

Study of fermented feed by mixed strains and their effects on the survival,growth, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal flora of Penaeus vannamei

To explore the feeding effect of fermented formula feed in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), unfermented and fermented feeds were fed to juvenile P. clarkii [initial body weight (4.91±0.18) g] in an indoor circulating water system for eight weeks. The effects of fermented feed on growth, muscle quality, digestion, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal flora structure of P. clarkii were analyzed. The results showed that, ① the dissolution rate of fermented feed was significantly lower than that of unfermented feed. ② The fermented diet significantly increased weight gain rate, and specific growth rate. Furthermore, it decreased feed conversion ratio, but had no significant effect on survival rate, hepatosomatic index (HSI), flesh content, and body composition. ③ The fermented diet significantly improved muscle hardness, elasticity, chewiness and stickiness of P. clarkii, and decreased adhesion. ④ The fermented diet significantly increased the activities of trypsin and lipase in hepatopancreas and intestinal tract, the activities of superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in serum and hepatopancreas, and the total antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas. ⑤ The fermented feed significantly increased the length and width of intestinal villi. ⑥The fermented feed improved the intestinal microbial structure of P. clarkii, significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and increased the diversity of intestinal flora. Overall, the fermented feed effectively improved the growth performance, muscle quality, digestion, and antioxidant capacity by improving the intestinal tract tissue structure and changing the structure of intestinal microorganisms of P. clarkii.