应用RAPD标记进行茶树优异种质遗传多态性、亲缘关系分析与分子鉴别

采用RAPD分子标记技术,对茶树优异种质资源的遗传多态性、亲缘关系和分子鉴别进行了研究。结果表明,20个引物在15份优异资源中得到1050个RAPD位点,平均52．5个位点／引物,70个位点／资源。在所获得的137条可重现谱带中,8条是单态的,129条是多态的,多态性程度达94．2％;引物的多态性相对频度为0．24～0．83,总平均为0．47;遗传距离在0．16～0．62之间,平均为0．37,这可能与我国是茶树的原产地和起源中心有密切关系。RAPD数据的类平均法聚类结果显示,15份资源可划分为3个类群,从相似性系数讨论了资源间的亲缘关系。应用12个引物产生的20个特异标记的存在和11个特异的缺失,可以鉴别所有15份优异茶树种质资源。RAPD可以作为茶树优异种质资源遗传多态性、系统演化和分子鉴别研究的有效手段之一。

Genetic Diversity,Relationship and Molecular Discrimination of elite Tea Germplasms [Camellia sinensis (L.),O.Kuntze] Revealed by RAPD Markers

Genetic diversity, relationship and molecular discrimination of total 15 elite tea germplasms [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] were investigated using RAPD markers. A total of 1050 loci with an average 52.5 loci per primer and 70 loci per germplasm were amplified from the 15 super excellent germplasms by 20 selected primers. In the total 137 amplified bands, 129 were polymorphic, corresponding to 94.2% genetic polymorphism. The genetic distances were 0.16 to 0.62, with an average of 0.37. The polymorphic frequency was 0.24~0.83, with an average of 0.47, which was a very high one. The high polymorphism observed from Chinese tea germplasms might be closely associated with the fact that China is the original center of tea plant. The UPGMA dendrogram grouped the 15 germplasms into 3 groups. The relationship among the germplasms was analyzed using the similarity coefficient. By using the presence of 20 special markers and the absence of 11 special markers, it allowed to discriminate all the investigated germplasms. RAPD markers were an informative and useful tool for the genetic diversity, evaluation and discrimination of super excellent tea germplasms.