Radiation therapy for canine appendicular osteosarcoma

Radiation therapy (RT) for the management of canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) can be described as either palliative‐ or curative intent. Palliative RT uses coarsely fractionated external beam RT or radiopharmaceuticals to provide relief of pain and lameness associated with OSA while resulting in minimal, if any, radiation‐induced acute adverse effects. Limb amputation and chemotherapy are considered (together) the standard of care for curative‐intent treatment of canine appendicular OSA. When limb amputation is not possible, RT can be used for limb sparing and is supplemented with chemotherapy for presumed micrometastatic disease. Fractionated tumour irradiation with curative intent appears to be ineffective and local disease control can more likely be achieved when stereotactic radiosurgery or intra‐operative extracorporeal irradiation is combined with strict case selection and adjunctive chemotherapy. The availability of limb‐sparing RT is limited by experience and availability of specialised equipment. When planned and administered appropriately, radiation‐associated adverse effects are often mild and self‐limiting.