蝴蝶兰若干品种(系)的染色体数和形态分析

 采用酶解去壁法，对蝴蝶兰属（Phalaenopsis ）38个品种（系）进行了染色体观察计数和形态分析。结果表明，供试蝴蝶兰的5个品种中有3个四倍体（2n=4x=76），2个三倍体（2n=3x=57）；20个外引品系中有14个四倍体，1个三倍体和5个非整倍体；13个自育品系包括10个四倍体和3个非整倍体。均未见二倍体。不同品种（系）的染色体长度和形态相差较大，存在核型多样性；有21个品种（系）的染色体组全部由小染色体（长度2.5 μm左右）组成，17个品种或品系除了含小染色体外还含有大染色体（长度为5～9.5 μm），染色体大小组成与花色有一定相关性。本文对不同蝴蝶兰品种（系）的染色体倍性、染色体形态及其育性特点进行了分析讨论。

Analysis on Chromosome Number and Morphology of Varieties in Phalaenopsis

After the cell walls were degraded with enzymes and chromosomal samples were prepared, and then the number and modality of chromosomes in thirty-eightPhalaenopsis hybrids were analyzed. It was found that the chromosome ploidy displayed diversity in the analyzed varieties. Five varieties were used, of which three were tetraploid (2n=4x=76)，and two were triploid (2n=3x=57).For the varieties bred abroad, fourteen were tetraploid, one was triploid and five were aneuploid. The number of the varieties bred at home was 13, ten were tetraploid and three were aneuploid. No diploid was observed. In addition, the chromosome length and modality also showed diversity among different hybrids, in which the genomes of twenty one consisted of small chromosomes (about 2.5 μm in length) only. In the other seventeen hybrids, however, big chromosomes (5-9.5 μm) were also observed besides the small ones. Some relation between the chromosome type and flower color was also observed. The chromosome ploidy, modality and sterility of different varieties in Phalaenopsis were discussed.