君子兰（Clivia miniata Regel）的贮藏花粉时间与受精过程

 利用花粉低温冷藏技术与常规石蜡制片技术研究了大花君子兰的贮藏花粉寿命以及受精过程，为其杂交育种提供基础资料。结果如下：新鲜花粉结籽率为35%；-21℃贮藏70 d的花粉结籽率为22%；贮藏140 d的花粉结籽率为4%；贮藏180 d的花粉结籽率为0。两个精细胞具有二型性。成熟胚囊里次生核位于反足细胞端。胚珠发育不同步，胚珠没有受精与胚珠败育成为结籽率低的内部原因。君子兰受精过程经历时间为：人工异花授粉2 h左右花粉萌发；花粉管在花柱中生长26 h左右；花粉管在子房腔内生长12 h左右；授粉后42～50 h雌雄性细胞融合；授粉后44～46 h初生胚乳核分裂；授粉后的第6～7 d，合子进行分裂，合子休眠期为4～5 d。

Studies on Pollen Viability and Fertilization of Clivia miniata Regel

Pollen viability and the process of fertilization inClivia miniata Regel are studied by means of storing the pollen at low temperature and routine paraffin embedded sectioning technique, so as to offer some information for its cross breeding.The results are as follows: The setting percentage of fresh pollen is 35%, it declines to 22% when the pollens are kept for 70 days at -21℃, it turns to 4% when the pollens are stored for another 70 days. Two sperms have the characteristic of heteromorphism. In mature embryo sac, secondary nucleus lies in the antipodal cells end. Asynchronization, unfertilization and abortion in the process of ovule development are main reasons for low setting percentage. Fertilization and duration of each stage: Pollen grains germinate about two hours after artifical pollination, then the pollen tube prolongs in style for about 12 h. Fusion of male and female sexual cells takes place 42-50 h after pollination. The division of primary endosperm nucleus takes place 44-46 h after pollination. 6-7 days after pollination, zygote begins to devide. The dormancy stage of zygote lasts about 4-5 days.