樱桃根际土壤特征及其评价

为探讨樱桃植株生长发育对根际土壤因子的影响,评价其根际生态环境,对土壤的pH值、速效养分、酶及微生物等19种指标的根际分布特征和相互关系进行了分析。结果表明,土壤pH值、氧化还原电位(Eh)、碱解氮、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶、细菌及总菌数表现为根际负效应([R/S)<1],速效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、脲酶、中性磷酸酶、放线菌及真菌表现为根际正效应([R/S)>1],有效锌根际效应不显著。脲酶、中性磷酸酶及蛋白酶3种水解酶活性与pH值及Eh的特征向量和载荷较大,可将其归为同一类综合指标,反映或评价以根际碱解氮为代表的土壤肥力状况。pH值、碱解氮等化学指标,土壤酶、微生物等生物活性指标在一定程度上可反映樱桃根际生态环境状况。

A Study on the Characteristic and Appraisement of Soil Factors in Cherry Rhizosphere

In order to discuss the effect of growth and development of cherry plants on rhizosphere soil factors and evaluate rhizosphere environment characteristics, 19 factors of cherry rhizosphere and their correlation were analyzed, including pH, available nutrients, soil enzyme, microorganism and so on. The results obtained from showed that pH, Eh, available nitrogen, proteinase, catalase, bacteria and total microbes had negative effect [(R/S)<1], while available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available iron, available copper, urease, phosphatase, actinomyces, and fungi took on positive effect ([R/S)>1], the rhizosphere effect of available zick had not significant effect. The eigenvector and load of three hydrolyze enzyme activities, pH and Eh were higher than others, which could be compartmentalized into integrative index, and be used to reflected the status of soil fertility represented by available nitrogen. The chemical indices included rhizosphere pH, available nitrogen, and biological activity indices including urease and microbes could reflect the environment of rhizosphere in a certain extent.