耕作模式对冷浸田水稻产量和土壤特性的影响

为探明不同耕作模式对冷浸田的影响机制,挖掘冷浸田的生产潜力,以冷浸田为研究对象,通过田间试验,以常规平作模式为对照,研究了垄作和稻鱼共作模式对冷浸田水稻产量以及土壤团聚体、温度、pH及有机质和还原性物质含量以及酶活性的影响。结果表明:相比对照(CK),垄作模式(T1)能显著降低土壤微团聚体(0.25 mm)含量,促进大团聚体的形成,提高土壤温度,增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤pH,抑制水稻分蘖期后土壤亚铁含量的上升,降低土壤亚锰含量,减轻其对水稻根系的毒害作用,提高土壤酶活性,增加土壤速效养分含量。稻鱼共作模式(T2)对冷浸田土壤理化性状影响不显著,但能显著增加土壤速效养分含量,土壤速效钾含量在水稻孕穗期和成熟期分别较对照(CK)增加18.2%和69.2%,从而为水稻生长提供良好的土壤环境和营养,促进水稻生长发育,提高水稻产量。研究表明T1和T2模式能显著提高冷浸田水稻产量,增产范围为8.8%~25.8%,T1模式增产效果最显著,实际产量达到7 623 kg·hm-2。综上所述,垄作模式可以有效地改善冷浸田土壤特性,提高水稻产量,而稻鱼共作模式增产效果主要体现在增加冷浸田水体和土壤的速效养分。

Effects of cultivation patterns on rice yield and soil properties in cold waterlogged paddy fields

To find out the influence of different cultivation patterns on cold waterlogged paddy fields, the production potential of cold waterlogged paddy field was analyzed. The experiment was conducted in cold waterlogged paddy fields using the conventional tillage as the CK in contrast to the patterns of ridge culture (T1) and rice-fish (T2). The effects of different patterns on rice yield, and soil temperature, pH, and contents of aggregates, organic matter, reducing substrate, and enzyme activity were investigated. Results showed that compared with the control (CK), T1 significantly reduced soil micro-aggregate (<0.25 mm) content, enhanced the formation of large aggregates, improved soil temperature, increased soil organic matter, improved soil pH, inhibited soil ferrous rise after rice tillering stage, reduced soil manganous content, reduced rice root toxicity, enhanced soil enzyme activity and increased available nutrients contents of soil. Large aggregates (>1 mm) and organic matter content increased respectively by 67.6% and 28.0% at rice maturity stage. Treatment T2 had less effect on soil physical and chemical properties in cold waterlogged paddy fields. However, it significantly increased soil available nutrients (mainly available potassium and phosphorus) contents. Soil available potassium content increased 18.2% and 69.2% at booting and mature stages, compared with CK. It provided good soil environment and nutrition for rice growth, promoted rice growth and development, and improved rice yield. Further analysis showed that treatments T1 and T2 significantly improved rice yield in cold waterlogged paddy fields and increased yield in the range of 8.8%-25.8%. The effect of T1 on increasing rice production was the most significant, with actual output reaching 7 623 kg·hm^-2. In conclusion, treatment T1 effectively improved soil properties in cold waterlogged paddy fields and increased rice yield. The effect of increasing production of treatment T2 was mainly drived by increased water and soil available nutrients in cold paddy waterlogged fields.