伸缩杆齿式荞麦脱粒装置研制与参数优化

针对荞麦机械化收获破碎率高、含杂率大、容易发生“绕辫子”而堵塞脱粒滚筒等问题，研制了一种伸缩杆齿式脱粒装置，利用纹杆滚筒和栅格凹板对作物的揉搓、梳刷作用实现脱粒，而与纹杆滚筒相配合的伸缩式杆齿，能够很好地将作物进行翻腾、向后推送，避免了秸秆缠绕，提高了脱粒效果。将该脱粒装置安装于荞麦脱粒性能试验台，选取滚筒转速、脱粒间隙和喂入量作为试验因素建立了3因素正交试验，通过极差分析得到最佳工作参数组合为滚筒转速350 r/min、脱粒间隙10 mm、喂入量1.0 kg/s，该条件下，籽粒破碎率为3.42%、籽粒损失率为0.14%，满足荞麦机械化收获指标，为伸缩杆齿式脱粒装置的应用和荞麦联合收获机的研发提供理论依据。

Development of Retractable Rod Tooth Buckwheat Threshing Device and Parameter Optimization

A retractable rod tooth threshing device was developed to solve problems of high crushing rate, high impurity content and easy to "wrap around braid" and block threshing drum in mechanized harvesting of buckwheat．Threshing device utilized rubbing and brushing action of grooved rod drum and grid concave plate on crops to realize threshing．The crops were well rolled and pushed backwards, avoiding entanglement of straws and improving threshing effect．Threshing device was installed on buckwheat threshing performance test bench, and rotation speed of drum, threshing gap and feeding amount were selected as test factors to carry out orthogonal test．Under this condition, grain breakage rate was 3.42%, and grain loss rate was 0.14%, which met index of mechanized harvesting of buckwheat and provided a theoretical basis for application of retractable rod tooth threshing device and research and development of buckwheat combine harvester．