不同地膜覆盖栽培对寒旱山区藜麦生长发育的影响

天祝县是国内最适宜种植藜麦的地区之一,近年来随着覆膜栽培技术的应用,藜麦产量得到大幅提高,但土壤生态环境遭到一定程度的破坏,为筛选出适宜寒旱山区藜麦栽培应用且环保的覆盖材料。以露地种植为对照,研究了白色地膜、黑色地膜、银灰色可降解地膜等不同地膜覆盖栽培对藜麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,覆盖不同地膜均能使藜麦的生育时期提前、生育期缩短、产量提高。其中覆盖白色地膜时促使藜麦生育时期提前和生育期缩短的效果较为明显;覆盖黑色地膜、银灰色可降解地膜时灭草效果相对较好。覆盖白色地膜、黑色地膜、银灰色可降解地膜的平均折合产量分别为2 748.37、3 483.66、3 088.24 kg/hm2,较对照露地种植分别增产7.41%、36.14%、20.69%。综上认为,银灰色可降解地膜可作为既增产又环保的藜麦覆膜栽培覆盖材料在寒旱山区应用。

Effects of Mulching Cultivation Using Different Films on the Growth and Development of Quinoa in Cold and Arid Mountainous Areas

Tianzhu County is one of the optimum areas in China to produce quinoa. With the application of mulching cultivation technology, quinoa yield was significantly increased but the soil ecological environment was damaged to some extent. To select green mulching materials suitable for quinoa cultivation in cold and arid mountainous area, different films such as white film, black film and silver-gray degradable film were used to study the effects of different mulching materials on the growth and development as well as the yield of quinoa. Results showed that different mulching films delivered diverse effects on length of growth period and yields, among which white file mulching showed obvious effect on reducing the length of growth period, whereas black film and silver-gray degradable film mulching showed relatively good effects on weeds control. The average yield data using white, black and silver-gray degradable films were 2 748.37, 3 483.66 and 3 088.24 kg/ha, respectively which were 7.41%, 36.14% and 20.69% higher compared with the yield data with no mulching, respectively. Overall, silver-gray degradable film mulching in this study is considered as the optimum mulching material forquinoa production in cold and arid mountainous area which delivers benefits of yield increasing and environmental protection.