京津冀水资源脆弱性评价

[目的]评价京津冀水资源脆弱性,为京津冀水资源管理提供理论依据与数据支撑。[方法]选取人口密集、经济发达、水资源问题极为突出的京津冀区域,采用水足迹的理论与方法,构建了集水资源压力—发展压力—污染压力—水资源管理压力(RDHM)于一体的水资源脆弱性评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定不同指标的权重,对该区域2003—2013年水资源脆弱性进行了评价。[结果]京津冀地区面临着水资源禀赋差,开发利用强度大,污染严重,水资源管理力度区域差异大等问题。北京市在水资源管理方面水平相对较高,但水污染压力长期没有得到有效缓解;天津市虽然在水资源管理上获得了长足的进步,但水资源脆弱性有增无减,其水资源问题的解决亟需寻找新的途径;河北省水资源管理相对京津地区差距较大,水资源脆弱性逐年突显,成为京津冀地区水资源问题的短板。[结论]缓解区域水污染压力,正视河北省水资源管理的滞后性,统一配置水资源,缩小水资源脆弱性区域差异在京津冀一体化背景下势在必行。

Assessment of Vulnerability of Water Resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

[Objective] Assessment of the vulnerability of water resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region was carried out in order to provide theoretical and data support for water resources management.[Methods] This study focuses on the vulnerability of water resources in BTH, a highly populated and developed region yet with serious water resource problems. An indicator system of water resources vulnerability was established by integrating resource pressure, development pressure, pollution pressure and management pressure(RDPM) using the concept theories of water footprint while analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of different indicators. Then the water vulnerability was assessed from 2003 to 2013 for the BTH region.[Results] The BTH region was exposed to problems such as poor water resources endowments, high water exploitation, serious water pollution and unbalanced management. Beijing City had a relatively high level of water resources management, it still suffered from serious water pollution. Tianjin City has made a great progress in water resources management, but the water resources vulnerability did not show a declining signal and new management approaches need to be explored. Compared to Beijing and Tianjin City in terms of water resources management, there is a big lag in Hebei Province, whose water resources vulnerability seems to be more serious in these years. As a result, Hebei has been a "short slab" of water resources management in the BTH region.[Conclusion] It is imperative to relieve the pressure on water pollution, increase the management strategies in Hebei Province, allocate water resources reasonably and improve water management in all BTH regions.