若尔盖高寒湿地蓄水能力评估

目的]评估若尔盖3种不同类型湿地的土壤蓄水能力,为湿地生态系统水文功能价值的评估提供科学依据。方法]通过对若尔盖高寒湿地三种湿地类型的土壤采样分析,测量其土壤物理特性和土壤最大滞留贮水能力,进而对其土壤蓄水能力进行评估。结果](1)在0—60cm深度范围内,3种湿地类型的土壤容重基本上随着深度的加深呈升高趋势,但草本沼泽在80—100cm处、沼泽化草甸和洪泛湿地在60—80cm处呈现出减小趋势。(2)在0—100cm深度范围内,沼泽化草甸的毛管孔隙度随深度增加呈减小趋势,而草本沼泽和洪泛湿地变化不明显。(3)在0—100cm深度范围内,3种湿地类型土壤容重的平均值大小表现为草本沼泽(0.46g/cm~3)沼泽化草甸(1.08g/cm~3)洪泛湿地(1.25g/cm~3)。3种湿地类型土壤最大滞留贮水能力的平均值大小表现为草本沼泽(239.40t/hm~2)沼泽化草甸(171.18t/hm~2)洪泛湿地(148.51t/hm~2)。结论]草本沼泽贮水能力最强。因此在若尔盖区域实施湿地保护与恢复措施时,应将保护区外的草本沼泽分布的区域纳入重点计划。

Assessment of Water Storage Capacity in Zoige Alpine Wetland

Objective] Assessing water storage capacity of three types of wetland in Zoige wetland in order to provide the scientific basis for the assessment of the hydrological function value of wetland ecosystem.Methods] We measured the physical properties and maximum retention capacity, and evaluated soil water storage capacity of three types of the Zoige alpine wetland.Results] (1) Within a depth of 0-60 cm, the soil bulk density of three types of wetland increased with soil depth increase, but at the depth of 80-100 cm in marshes, 60-80 cm in swamp meadow and floodplain wetland the soil bulk density decreased; (2) Within the range of 0-100 cm, the soil capillary porosity of marsh meadow shows a decreasing trend with depth, but no apparent trend in the other two wetland types; (3) Within the range of 0-100 cm, the mean value of soil bulk density in three types of wetland showed an order as marshes(0.46 g/cm³) < swamp meadow(1.08 g/cm³) < floodplain wetland(1.25 g/cm³); The average of the maximum soil water storage capacity was as marshes(239.40 t/hm²) > swamp meadow(171.18 t/hm²) > floodplain wetlands(148.51 t/hm²).Conclusion] The water storage capacity of the marsh is the best. So when implementing wetland conservation and restoration in Zoige region, the marsh outside the reserve should also be included in the planning.