基于最小累计阻力模型的生态用地空间布局优化

综合分析生态用地保护重要性与建设用地扩张的经济潜力、耕地保护的政策约束,协调社会经济发展与生态保护的矛盾。运用景观安全格局分析方法,结合最小累计阻力模型,从水资源安全、生物多样性保护、灾害防护和景观游憩4个层面,采用累计修正求和的方式构成高明区重要生态用地空间。其次,以核心型生态用地为生态保护的源,以生态系统服务功能和生态价值当量作为生态保护的阻力,以基本农田保护区作为来自农业生产的阻力,以建设用地开发经济适宜性作为来自建设用地扩张的阻力,综合考虑三者间的平衡。结果表明,综合3种过程的生态重要性分区结果从数量上和空间分布上均与实际情况和规划目标吻合度较高,生态核心区和控制区为实施生态空间保护提供重要依据。

Spatial layout optimization for ecological land based on minimum cumulative resistance model

Abstract: With the urban unlimited expansion, the ecological land excessive reclamation, and the resources and environment deteriorating, the conflict between cultivated land protection, ecological protection and increasing demand of construction land is increasingly intensified. Therefore, there is an urgent need to coordinate the contradiction between socio-economic development and ecological protection by analyzing the key ecological space, the potential for expansion and the policy constraints of farmland protection comprehensively. Coordinating the contradiction between social-economic development and ecological protection also has important significance for regional economy health and stable growth. In this paper, based on the landscape security pattern theory and GIS (geographic information system) technology, 4 critical security patterns including water security, biodiversity protection, disaster control, and landscape recreation were constructed by using the method of ecological space evaluation and landscape security pattern analysis. The method of "adjusted summation" was used to identify the ecological security patterns of the key ecological elements based on the census geographic conditions, land use data and statistical data. With the method of "adjusted summation", the regional ecological security pattern expressed the agglomeration characteristics of multiple ecosystem services in space or time preferably. The resistance for ecological protection was assigned with a value according to the ecosystem service function and ecological value, the economic suitability of construction land and the policy of basic farmland protection. Taking the core ecological land as the protection sources, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCRM) was used to calculate the minimum cumulative resistance value of ecological land. Ecological protection was graded to 4 zones using the method of natural breaks, namely ecological core zone, ecological control zone, ecological transition zone, and ecological footprint zone. Optimization suggestions were proposed for different zones. Results showed that the core ecological land area in Gaoming District was estimated to be around 301.83 km2, accounting for 32.17% of the study area and 41.33% of the whole ecological land. The zoning result integrating the ecological security pattern, economic potential and farmland protection corresponded to the actual situation and planning objectives in space or time. By analyzing the zoning areas, it could be seen that the area proportions of ecological core zone, ecological control zone, ecological transition zone, and ecological footprint zone were 35.29%, 17.40%, 23.74% and 23.58% respectively. The ecological core zone mainly including rivers and mountains was consistent with the natural and cultural heritage protection area, scenic area, and the planned ecological security control area. The ecological control zone was near the ecological core zone. The ecological footprint zone was mainly distributed in the urban areas in Hecheng Street, Mingcheng Town and a small part of present farmland in Genghe Town. Cultivated land was more than construction land in the ecological transition zone. It is concluded that the ecological core zone and control zone provide important basis for the implementation of ecological space protection. In addition, the ecological transition zone and ecological footprint zone can be used to provide development space for urban expansion and farmland reclamation reasonably.