地膜残留污染防控技术现状及发展趋势

地膜已成为我国农业生产的重要物资之一,地膜覆盖已广泛应用到全国,尤其是北方干旱、半干旱和南方的高山冷凉地区,且呈现持续增长的态势,2015年地膜用量达145.5万t,覆盖面积达1 831.8万hm~2。地膜覆盖技术对保障中国食物安全供给做出了重大贡献,但是,随着地膜投入量和使用年限不断增加,大量农膜残留在土壤中,不但严重影响了农业生产的持续进行,而且对农业环境安全与健康构成了巨大威胁。通过分析生物降解地膜替代、一膜两(多)用、机械化地膜回收等地膜残留污染防控关键技术的现状,提出未来应对地膜残留污染的技术措施和策略,为地膜覆盖技术合理应用和残膜污染防控提供科学依据。

Status and trends in application of technology to prevent plastic film residual pollution

Plastic film has been recognized as a valuable material within agricultural production in China in recent years. Consequently, plastic film mulching technology has markedly improved grain crop yields and water use efficiency by conserving water, maintaining soil moisture, suppressing weeds, increasing soil temperature, and improving cold tolerance in China''s Northern drylands, semiarid regions, high altitude regions, and Southern cold regions. Plastic film coverage in China now covers an area of 18.3 million hectares, and the amount of plastic film used reached 1.45 million tons in 2015. Hence, plastic film mulching has played an important role in Chinese agricultural production. Despite the benefits of plastic film mulching technology, its widespread use has generated large amounts of plastic film mulching residue, which has led to unsustainable farmland use, thereby affecting the agricultural environment. In this paper, we summarized the current state of key technologies to prevent residual pollution by plastic film, including alternative biodegradable film technologies, the multipurpose plastic film technique, and film machine recycling technologies. We also propose strategies to deal with plastic film pollution, which may provide a scientific basis for the rational application of plastic mulching technology and the corresponding prevention of residual film pollution.