20世纪90年代内蒙古自治区土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态对比研究

内蒙古是我国风力侵蚀较为严重的地区之一,同时也是我国土地利用方式剧烈变化的地区之一。依据两期土地利用数据以及相应年代的土壤风力侵蚀数据,研究了20世纪90年代内蒙古自治区土地利用和风力侵蚀的静、动态格局。根据土地利用和风力侵蚀的空间分布及动态变化特点,设计了内蒙古土地利用—风力侵蚀动态区划,基于该区划详细讨论了内蒙古不同地区占主导地位的土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态,由此揭示了两者之间存在的驱动——被驱动关系。研究发现,在过去10年里,内蒙古土地利用和风力侵蚀的基本格局没有太大变化,但风力侵蚀在总体上是增强了,而土地利用的变化主要反映为草地的退化和耕地的扩张。土地利用动态与风力侵蚀动态有着良好的时空对应关系草地的退化与耕地的扩张导致了显著的风力侵蚀增强,而草地的改善以及耕地的收缩对风力侵蚀的影响不是很大,这同时也表明了土地利用动态对风力侵蚀动态正、反向驱动力的不平衡性。

The Relation Between Land-Use Dynamics and Wind Erosion Dynamics in Inner Mongolia During 1990s

Inner Mongolia municipality, in the north of China, is one of the zones with strongest wind erosion and rapid land-use changes. It covers the grassland-cropland transition zone and the over-grazing grassland. The degraded grasslands, deserted croplands and rainfed croplands of Inner Mongolia were the sources of dust-storm which affected North and East China, Korea, Japan and America in 2000. Based on 2 sets of land-use data and the correspondent wind erosion data, the static spatial distribution and the dynamic spatial changes were discussed. According to the features of static and dynamic spatial distributions, the sub-regions of Inner Mongolia were divided. The details about the dominant land-use dynamics and wind erosion dynamics were discussed in each specific sub-region and the driving-droved relationship between the two dynamics was then analyzed. It can be inferred that the basic patterns of both land-use and wind erosion in Inner Mongolia had not changed greatly in 1990s. However, the main changes are degradation of grasslands and the expansion of croplands, and the wind erosion was intensified in general. The degradation of grasslands and the expansion of croplands obviously caused intensified wind erosion, while the amendment of grasslands and the shrink of croplands affected wind erosion slightly, all of which show the non-balanceable influence on wind erosion by different land-use orientation.