Contribution of spray droplet pinning fragmentation to canopy retention |
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| Affiliation: | 1. UMC, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium;2. University Mohamed Khidar, BP 145 RP, 07000 Biskra, Algeria;1. Silsoe Spray Applications Unit Ltd, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford MK45 4HP, UK;2. The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Burg. van Gansberghelaan 115 Bus 1, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;3. Wageningen University and Research Centre, Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. University of Liege, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;2. von Karman Institute, Environmental and Applied Fluid Dynamics Department, 1640 Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium;3. The Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;1. School of Agricultural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, USA;2. Centre for Pesticide Application and Safety, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia;1. Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology – CNR, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;2. Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;3. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy;1. Post-Doctoral Fellow, Northwestern University, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 6020, USA;2. DowDuPont Ag, Data Science and Informatics, Stats/Math, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA |
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| Abstract: | Drop behaviour during impact affects retention. Increasing adhesion is usually seen as an objective when applying crop protection products, while bouncing and shattering are seen as detrimental to spray retention. However, observation of drop impacts on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using high speed shadowgraphy shows that bouncing and fragmentation can occur in Cassie–Baxter as well as in Wenzel wetting regimes. In this last regime, a part of the drop may remain stuck on the surface, contributing to retention. Using simultaneous measurements of drop impacts with high speed imaging and of retention with fluorophotometry for spray mixtures on excised barley leaves using a Teejet 11003 nozzle at 0.2 MPa, it was observed that about 50% of the drops that fragmented in the Wenzel state remain on the horizontal leaf. Depending on the spray mixture, these impact outcomes accounted for 28–46% of retention, the higher contribution being correlated with bigger VMD (Volume Median Diameter). This contribution is not negligible and should be considered when modelling spray retention processes. |
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| Keywords: | Pinning fragmentation Retention Drop impact Splashing Wenzel wetting regime |
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