Low susceptibility of Spodoptera cosmioides,Spodoptera eridania and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to genetically-modified soybean expressing Cry1Ac protein |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil;2. Monsanto do Brasil Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Monsanto LLC, Saint Louis, MO, USA;1. Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF, Brazil;2. Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brazil;1. Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA;2. Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO, USA;1. Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil;2. Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil;3. Department of Plant Health, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-970, Brazil;1. Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, USP, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil;2. Biostatistics Department, IBB, UNESP, Botucatu, SP 18618-000, Brazil;1. Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil;2. Syngenta Crop Protection, Av. Nações Unidas 18001, São Paulo 04795-900, Brazil;3. Syngenta Crop Protection, Greenboro P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro, NC 27419, USA |
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| Abstract: | Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) have caused significant damage on soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill in Brazil. Genetically-modified MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean that expresses the Cry1Ac protein is potentially an alternative tool for the management of these species. Purified protein bioassays were done to evaluate the susceptibility of S. cosmioides, S. eridania and S. frugiperda to Cry1Ac protein. The level of efficacy of the Bt soybean plants in controlling these species was measured through laboratory and greenhouse trials under high artificial insect infestations. The biology of these insects was evaluated over their development cycles to understand their life history when fed on Bt soybean. Purified Cry1Ac protein at the maximum concentration tested (100 μg Cry1Ac mL?1 diet) resulted in low mortality of S. cosmioides and S. eridania (<13%) and intermediate mortality of S. frugiperda (50%). No significant effects of the Bt soybean plants were observed in the life table parameters of S. cosmioides and S. eridania. However, S. frugiperda fed on Bt soybean plants had a prolonged larval stage (by 5 days), reduced larvae viability, increased mean generation time (by 8 days) and reduced intrinsic rate of increase. In general, the Bt soybean plants showed poor control of Spodoptera species when evaluated by leaf-disc bioassay and greenhouse trials. Consequently, other control tactics must be used in combination with MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean in the field for the efficient management of S. cosmioides, S. eridania and S. frugiperda. |
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| Keywords: | Transgenic soybean Non-target effect Life history traits Integrated Pest Management |
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