免耕播种机侧向清秸覆秸秸秆比例回收装置设计与试验

为解决中国麦玉豆主产区在利用秸秆促进作物绿色增产增效、保护耕地的同时，轻简化回收多余秸秆促进其资源化利用等问题，基于原茬地免耕精量播种机侧向清秸覆秸原理，设计了一种秸秆比例回收装置，借助秸秆被免耕播种机播前清理具有的机械能使其沿导流板滑移至机械能耗尽，弹齿“顺势”将其抛送至挤压装置进行回收。应用高速摄像技术探明了秸秆侧向抛撒运动规律，通过理论分析确定了影响装置工作性能的关键结构与作业参数及其取值范围，并采用三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转中心组合试验方法，以作业速度、滚筒转速和弹齿偏角为试验因素，以秸秆回收比率和含杂率为评价指标，实施参数组合优化试验，结果表明：在参数组合为作业速度5.4～7.2 km/h、滚筒转速95 r/min、弹齿偏角49°时，秸秆回收比率大于94%、含杂率小于5%。研究结果为研制原茬地免耕播种秸秆覆盖还田同步比例回收复式作业机提供了理论和技术支持。

Design and Experiment of Straw Proportional Recovery Device for Clearing and Covering Straw of No-tillage Planter

To solve the problem of recycling surplus straw in a lightened and simplified way and promote its resource utilization, as well as using crop straw to increase crop yield and benefit and protect arable land in main producing areas of wheat-maize-soybean in China, a straw proportion recovery device was designed based on principle of lateral straw clearing and covering of no-tillage precision planter applied in original stubble field. Using the mechanical energy of the lateral casting of straw by no-tillage planter to efficiently clean and recycle the excess straw. The straw lateral throwing movement rule was proven by applying high-speed camera technology, the key structure and operation parameters influencing performance of device and their value range were determined by theoretical analysis. Three factors five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotary center combination experiment method was applied to carry out parameters combination optimization experiment with operation speed, drum rotating speed and spring-tooth deviation angle as experimental factors, and straw recycling rate and impurity content as the evaluation indexes. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of influencing factors on straw recovery ratio was working speed, spring tooth deviation angle and drum speed, and the primary and secondary order of influencing factors on impurity ratio was spring tooth deviation angle, working speed and drum speed. When operation speed was 5.4~7.2km/h, drum rotation speed was 95r/min, and spring-tooth deviation angle was 49°, straw recycling rate was more than 94% and impurity content was less than 5%. The results provided theoretical and technical support for the development of the simultaneous proportional recovery compound machine for no tillage seeding and straw mulching.