滴灌灌水频率对土壤水热分布和夏玉米产量的影响

通过大田试验研究了北京地区夏玉米滴灌灌水频率对田间土壤水、热分布及夏玉米生长的影响。结果表明,整个生育期内,高频滴灌下土壤水分变化波动较小,土壤水分保持在一个比较稳定的范围;土壤温度受土壤含水率、气温及作物生育阶段的影响较为明显,表层土壤温度(10 cm以上)的变化受气温的影响比较显著,50 cm土层深度及以下的土壤温度基本趋于稳定,但会随气温上升而缓慢升高;高频滴灌下作物产量最高,但其水分利用效率较低。研究表明:华北地区夏玉米宜采用中频滴灌模式。

Effects of Drip Irrigation Frequency on the Distribution of Soil Water ,Soil Temperature and Maize Grown in North China

A field experiment on Summer Corn in Beijing was conducted to investigate the effects of drip irrigation frequency on soil moisture,heat and maize growth.The results show that,the soil moisture remains relatively stable at the whole growth period under high-frequency irrigation.Soil temperature is significantly affected by soil moisture distribution,air temperature and the stage of crop growth,and the air temperature plays a primary role to soil temperature at 10cm deep.Soil temperature tends to be stable at the depth of 50cm and below,however,it also rise gradually with the increasing air temperature.Although the high-frequency irrigation is accompanied with high yield,this treatment has lower water use efficiency yet.Thus,intermediate-frequency irrigation is more advised for the summer corn of North China with the comprehensive consideration of economic efficiency and water use efficiency.