国外退耕实践及其对我国退耕工程实施的启示

由中国科学院(CAS)、国家环境保护总局(SEPA)和瑞士工程院(SATw)联合主办的第七届3R——循环经济国际会议及工业展览会(7th World Congress on Recovery，Recycling and Re--integration(with Exhibition)-R’05)将于2005年9月25日--29日在北京召开。国家环境保护总局局长解振华担任会议名誉主席，中国科学院副院长李静海院士担任会议主席。

Overseas Conversion of Farmland Back to Forest or Grassland and Its Enlighten- ment on Implementing of Farmland''s Conversion Project in China

Owing to the various situation, the conversion of farmland(back to forest or grassland) in foreign countries has various objectives, such as alleviating social contradiction, eliminating grain overstock, conserving biodiversity, reconstructing landscape, mitigating greenhouse effect, etc. Proceeding from analysis of the farmland's conversion abroad, we can make a conclusion that economic strength is the basis of this kind of farmland's conversion, the surplus of grain is the pledge and the shift of labor to towns or cities is the precondition. Furthermore, the success of the farmland's conversion benefits from the changes of revenue policies to a great extend. To put the Farmland's Conversion Project into effect in China, taking the experience of other countries and considering of China's specific situation, this research proposes two advises: on the one hand, the economic construction and grain production must be strengthened; on the other hand, the living of the farmers who convert their own cultivated land back to forest or grassland should be well arranged. The government may carry out a series of preferential policies about revenue and credit etc. to make those farmers live better.