我国北方日光温室前屋面采光曲线最优化设计

当日光温室其他结构参数相同时,调整前屋面形状便可获得不同量的太阳辐射。为使设计的日光温室获得尽可能多的太阳辐射能,以晋中地区为例,结合太阳光照射特征和地理特征,设计了3种采光得到改进的曲线:节点控制样条骨架曲线、1/5幂函数骨架曲线和1/7幂函数骨架曲线。选择国内主流温室骨架作对照,用MATLAB编程计算上述4种骨架曲线的温室在冬至日的有效日总辐射能,并比较分析了它们的采光特性。结果表明,设计的3个骨架曲线的采光性能均优于对照温室骨架曲线,其中1/7幂函数骨架曲线的有效日总辐射能最大,较对照温室骨架曲线高8.5%。本研究方法以地理纬度、温室面积、前屋面倾角等变量计算有效日总辐射能,同样适合于不同地区不同形状的日光温室,为温室骨架设计提供了一种以改进采光为目标的有效方法,可为日光温室骨架开发设计提供参考。

Study on the Optimized Parameters of Lighting Curve of Front Roof of Solar Greenhouse in the North of China

When other structural parameters of sunlight greenhouse were the same, the different amounts of solar radiation could be obtained by adjusting the front roof covering shapes. To get maximum solar radiation, three different coy ering shapes were designed based on the sunlight characteristics and geographical features in Jinzhong area, which were the spline skeleton curve improved lighting by nodes control, 1/5 power function skeleton curve and 1/7 power function skeleton curve, and the domestic common greenhouse skeleton were selected as the control. The effective daily radiant energy of lhe greenhouse with four kinds of skeleton curve in the day of winter solstice was calculated with MATI.AB, and lhe lighting abilities of different models were studied. The results showed that the lighting abilities of all three skeleton curves were betler than that of the control greenhouse. The maximum effective daily radiant energy was ob served with the 1/7 power function skeleton curve, and it was 8.5~ higher than that of the control. The method to de sign the different covering shapes to get the effective daily radiant energy using variables of geographic latitude, green house area, from roof angle and others to calculate could also be applied to different greenhouse in different regions. It provided an effective method for improving the greenhouse skeleton shape in order to increase the lighting ability and could be a well reference for the sunlight greenhouse skeleton design.