四种玉米幼胚培养性状的基因效应分析

【目的】了解玉米幼胚培养主要性状的遗传变异规律。【方法】选用玉米高幼胚培养能力自交系R18-599（红）与低培养能力自交系R15获得6个世代，幼胚培养测定胚性愈伤组织诱导率、非胚性愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织克隆力和愈伤组织绿苗再分化数4个性状，采用6世代平均值分析法和主基因+多基因混合遗传模型世代联合分析法分别进行遗传分析。【结果】胚性愈伤组织诱导率受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制；非胚性愈伤组织出愈率受两对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制；再分化数受1对主基因+加性-显性多基因控制；克隆力受2对主基因+多基因控制，但2种方法对克隆力的上位性效应鉴定结果不同。【结论】比较2种方法的分析结果，世代联合分析法不仅提高了试验结果的精确度，同时还提供了更多的遗传信息。

Analysis on Gene Effect of Four Characters of Immature Embryo Culture in Maize

【Objective】The research aim to pick out the hereditary variation regularity for the main characters of the maize immature embryo culture. 【Method】Two kinds of inbred-line, R18-599 (hong) with very excellent embryo culturing capacity and R15 with very bad embryo culturing capacity, were used as P1 and P2 for obtaining 6 generations. By culturing immature embryos of the six generations, four culturing characters, embryonic callus induction efficiency, non-embryonic callus induction efficiency, embryonic callus clone ability and number of regenerating plant, were analyzed with the general mean analysis and generation joint analysis.【Result】Results showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with two major additive-domiance-epistatic genes plus polygene mixed additive-domiance-epistatic inheritance model. The non-embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with two major additive-domiance-epistatic genes. The number of regenerating plant accorded with one major gene plus polygene mixed additive-dominance inheritance model. The embryo callus clone ability accorded with two major genes plus polygene mixed inheritance model while the epistatic gene effect on this character identified differently by the two methods. 【Conclusion】By comparison of the results of the two methods, generation joint analysis may not only raise experimental precision, but also provide more genetic information.